{"title":"All Reagents","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"mouse-icosl-m-igg1-fc-fusion","title":"Mouse B7-H2 Mouse IgG1 Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eB7-H2, also called ICOS ligand, is a member of the co-stimulatory ligand family. B7-H2 interacts with its receptor, ICOS, on activated cell increases cytokine secretion and helper function to B cells. B7-H2 extracellular IgV domain interacts directly with ICOS, yet IgC domain is required for maintaining its structural integrity. \u003c\/span\u003eM7096E contains both IgV and IgC domain of mouse B7-H2 and fused with a mouse IgG1 Fc domain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): mouse ICOS\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM7096E\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD275, AU044799, B7-H2, B7h, B7RP-1, BG071784, GI50, GL50, GL50-B, Icoslg, LICOS, Ly115l, mKIAA0653\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG1 Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_015790\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ9JHJ8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003emouse ICOSL (E47-N269)-mouse IgG1 Fc\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50,054 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e54 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1%(=1mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.370\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMouse ICOSL, also known as B7RP-1, was identified from a cDNA library prepared from activated intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) via sequence comparison with B7.1 and B7.2 with 20% and 19% amino acid identity, respectively. While the homology is significant as the identity between B7.1 and B7.2 is only 24%. In addition the relative positions of 4 cysteine residues the overall length and the relative transmembrane domain of B7RP-1 are similar to those of B7 molecules. Expression of murine ICOSL is restricted to B cells and peritoneal macrophages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to B7.2, ICOSL stimulates T cell in vitro with a dose-dependent fashion in the presence of anti-CD3 antibody. ICOSL induces secretion of IFN-γ, but not IL-2 in co-stimulated T cells. In contrast, B7.2 induced both IFN-g and IL-2. In vivo, ICOSL-Fc protein exacerbates contact hypersensitivity, but notably when administered around the time of challenge than at the time of sensitization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis observation is consistent with ICOSL’s role in co-stimulation of T cells but also indicates that the T cells better respond to ICOSL stimulation are those involved in the secondary immune response. Blockade of CD28-B7 or CD40-CD40L pathway inhibits contact hypersensitivity at the sensitization, but not the challenge, phase. Hence, ICOS-ICOSL pathway appears to be functionally distinct from other co-stimulatory pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/M096E_A.jpg?13293829429805130537\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/M096E_A.jpg?13293829429805130537\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Yang Q, Cao W, Wang Z, Zhang B, Liu J. Regulation of cancer immune escape: The roles of miRNAs in immune checkpoint proteins. Cancer Lett. 2018;431:73-84. Epub 20180522. doi: 10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.05.015. PubMed PMID: 29800685.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Freeman GJ, Borriello F, Hodes RJ, Reiser H, Gribben JG, et al. (1993) Murine B7-2, an alternative CTLA4 counter-receptor that costimulates T cell proliferation and interleukin 2 production. J Exp Med. 178:2185-2192\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Tang A, Judge TA, Turka LA. (1997) Blockade of CD40-CD40 ligand pathway induces tolerance in murine contact hypersensitivity. Eur J Immunol. 27:3143-3150.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Yoshinaga SK, Whoriskey JS, Khare SD, Sarmiento U, Guo J, et al. (1999) T-cell co-stimulation through B7RP-1 and ICOS. Nature. 402:827-832\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. Hutloff A, Dittrich AM, Beier KC, Eljaschewitsch B, Kraft R, Anagnostopoulos I, Kroczek RA. (1999) ICOS is an inducible T-cell co-stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28. Nature. 397:263-266.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":15833024963,"sku":"M7096E","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":15833025027,"sku":"M7096E","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":15833025155,"sku":"M7096E","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066007638193,"sku":"M7096E","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066007670961,"sku":"M7096E","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/M7096E_Product_Image_bee2eeb3-796b-4ba0-9723-ced160b3dc69.png?v=1756061897"},{"product_id":"z-mab-human-igg1","title":"Human Control Antibody IgG1 Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced human IgG1 antibody with a wildtype Fc domain, PZHU005 binds to human Fc receptors in the following orders (high to low affinity): FcγRI \u0026gt; FcRn \u0026gt; FcγRIIA [H133] ~ FcγRIIA [R133] \u0026gt; FcγRIIIA [V158] ~ FcγRIIIA [F158] \u0026gt; FcγRIIIB ~ FcγRIIB ~ FcγRIIC.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37723819770033,"sku":"PZHU005","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37723819802801,"sku":"PZHU005","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37723819835569,"sku":"PZHU005","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46065793630385,"sku":null,"price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46065793859761,"sku":null,"price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZHU005_Product_Image.png?v=1755475596"},{"product_id":"z-mab-human-igg1-with-aglyco-fc","title":"Human Control Antibody IgG1 Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced human IgG1 antibody with an aglycosylated Fc domain (N297A), PZHU006 exhibits attenuated bindings to human Fcγ receptors, but its binding to human FcRn is not affected\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740405424305,"sku":"PZHU006","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":42877278224561,"sku":"PZHU006","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065799659697,"sku":"PZHU006","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740405457073,"sku":"PZHU006","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":37740405489841,"sku":"PZHU006","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZHU006_Product_Image.png?v=1755475749"},{"product_id":"z-mab-human-igg4","title":"Human Control Antibody IgG4 Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced human IgG4 antibody with a wildtype Fc domain, PZHU003 binds to human FcγRI with high affinity and to FcγRIIA [H131], FcγRIIA [R131], FcγRIIB, FcγRIIC, FcγRIIIA [V158], and FcγRIIIA [F158] with similarly low affinities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740429476017,"sku":"PZHU003","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740429508785,"sku":"PZHU003","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065801724081,"sku":"PZHU003","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740429541553,"sku":"PZHU003","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877305749681,"sku":"PZHU003","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZHU003_Product_Image.png?v=1755475781"},{"product_id":"z-mab-human-igg4-with-aglyco-fc","title":"Human Control Antibody IgG4 Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced human IgG4 antibody with an aglycosylated Fc domain (N297A), PZHU004 exhibits attenuated bindings to human Fcγ receptors, but its binding to human FcRn is not affected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740437930161,"sku":"PZHU004","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740437962929,"sku":"PZHU004","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065805623473,"sku":"PZHU004","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740437995697,"sku":"PZHU004","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877318824113,"sku":"PZHU004","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZHU004_Product_Image.png?v=1755475817"},{"product_id":"z-mab-mouse-igg1","title":"Mouse Control Antibody IgG1 Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced mouse IgG1 antibody with a wildtype Fc domain, PZMU003, a mouse IgG1 antibody, can be recycled through binding to FcRn.PZMU003 binds to mouse FcγRIIb and FcγRIII with lower affinity, it does not bind to mouse FcγRI and FcγRIV.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740469878961,"sku":"PZMU003","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740469944497,"sku":"PZMU003","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065806180529,"sku":"PZMU003","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740469977265,"sku":"PZMU003","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877319708849,"sku":"PZMU003","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZMU003_Product_Image.png?v=1755475958"},{"product_id":"z-mab-mouse-igg1-with-aglyco-fc","title":"Mouse Control Antibody IgG1 Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced mouse IgG1 antibody with an aglycosylated Fc domain (N297A), PZMU004 binds FcRn, but not to Fcγ receptors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740510707889,"sku":"PZMU004","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740510740657,"sku":"PZMU004","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065806475441,"sku":"PZMU004","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740510773425,"sku":"PZMU004","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877319970993,"sku":"PZMU004","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZMU004_Product_Image.png?v=1755476015"},{"product_id":"z-mab-mouse-igg2a","title":"Mouse Control Antibody IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced mouse IgG2a antibody with a wildtype Fc domain, PZMU001 binds to mouse FcγRI and FcγRIV with high affinity, to FcγRIIb and FcγRIII with lower affinity, and can be recycled through binding to FcRn.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740518113457,"sku":"PZMU001","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740518146225,"sku":"PZMU001","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065806672049,"sku":"PZMU001","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740518178993,"sku":"PZMU001","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877320528049,"sku":"PZMU001","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZMU001_Product_Image.png?v=1755476105"},{"product_id":"z-mab-mouse-igg2a-with-aglyco-fc","title":"Mouse Control Antibody IgG2a Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced mouse IgG2a antibody with an aglycosylated Fc domain (N297A), PZMU002 exhibits attenuated bindings to mouse Fcγ receptors, but its binding to FcRn is not affected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740523520177,"sku":"PZMU002","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740523552945,"sku":"PZMU002","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065806868657,"sku":"PZMU002","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740523585713,"sku":"PZMU002","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877323870385,"sku":"PZMU002","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZMU002_Product_Image.png?v=1755476195"},{"product_id":"z-mab-mouse-igg2b","title":"Mouse Control Antibody IgG2b Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced mouse IgG2b antibody with a wildtype Fc domain, PZMU005 binds to mouse FcγRI and FcγRIV with high affinity, to FcγRIIb and FcγRIII with lower affinity, and can be recycled through binding to FcRn.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740534399153,"sku":"PZMU005","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740534431921,"sku":"PZMU005","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065806934193,"sku":"PZMU005","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740534464689,"sku":"PZMU005","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877325770929,"sku":"PZMU005","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZMU005_Product_Image.png?v=1755476519"},{"product_id":"z-mab-mouse-igg2b-with-aglyco-fc","title":"Mouse Control Antibody IgG2b Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced mouse IgG2b antibody with an aglycosylated Fc domain (N297A), PZMU006 exhibits attenuated bindings to mouse Fcγ receptors, but its binding to FcRn is not affected.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740549505201,"sku":"PZMU006","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740549570737,"sku":"PZMU006","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065807884465,"sku":"PZMU006","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740549636273,"sku":"PZMU006","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877327573169,"sku":"PZMU006","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZMU006_Product_Image.png?v=1755476565"},{"product_id":"z-mab-rat-igg1","title":"Rat Control Antibody IgG1 Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced rat IgG1 antibody with a wildtype Fc domain, PZRA001 is a good control antibody for experiments using rat IgG1 antibody in a mouse model. It binds to mouse but not human FcRn.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740579094705,"sku":"PZRA001","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740579127473,"sku":"PZRA001","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065807982769,"sku":"PZRA001","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740579160241,"sku":"PZRA001","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877329244337,"sku":"PZRA001","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZRA001_Product_Image.png?v=1755476628"},{"product_id":"z-mab-rat-igg1-with-aglyco-fc","title":"Rat Control Antibody IgG1 Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced rat IgG1 antibody with an aglycosylated Fc domain (N297A), PZRA002 exhibits attenuated binding activities to Fcγ receptors. It binds to mouse but not human FcRn.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740592398513,"sku":"PZRA002","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740592464049,"sku":"PZRA002","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065808015537,"sku":"PZRA002","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740592496817,"sku":"PZRA002","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877329342641,"sku":"PZRA002","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZRA002_Product_Image.png?v=1755476789"},{"product_id":"z-mab-rat-igg2a","title":"Rat Control Antibody IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced rat IgG2a antibody with a wildtype Fc domain, PZRA003 is a good control antibody for experiments using rat IgG2a antibody in a mouse model. It binds to mouse but not human FcRn.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740605014193,"sku":"PZRA003","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740605046961,"sku":"PZRA003","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065809621169,"sku":"PZRA003","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740605079729,"sku":"PZRA003","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877332553905,"sku":"PZRA003","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZRA003_Product_Image.png?v=1755476850"},{"product_id":"biotin-z-mab-rat-igg2a-with-aglyco-fc","title":"Rat Control Antibody IgG2a Aglycosylated Fc Biotin","description":"\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eZ-MABs have been excellent control antibodies for the assessment of the ”background bindings” of the antigen-specific, isotype matched, antibodies.  Binding of the Z-MAB antibody can be detected by the secondary antibody conjugated with enzyme, such as peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase, or fluo molecules such as FITC, Cy3, Cy5, ..etc.  With the available biotin-Z-MABs, the background binding can be determined by direct binding of the streptavidin-conjugated HRP without engaging secondary antibodies. The simplified process effectively eliminates the potentially added background signals associated with the secondary antibodies including their potential interactions with cross-species Fc receptors.  In addition, the highly stable ABC (avidin-biotin complexes) allows stringent washing conditions and leads to excellent signal to noise ratio.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced rat IgG2a antibody with an aglycosylated Fc domain (N297A), PZRA004 exhibits attenuated binding activities to Fcγ receptors. It binds to mouse but not human FcRn.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/z-mab\"\u003eOther Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eFor larger amount orders \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740615991473,"sku":"PZRA004-B","price":350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":46065835966641,"sku":"PZRA004-B","price":1050.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065835999409,"sku":"PZRA004-B","price":2100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46065836032177,"sku":"PZRA004-B","price":3500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46065836064945,"sku":"PZRA004-B","price":7000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZRA004-B_Product_Image.png?v=1756057304"},{"product_id":"z-mab-rat-igg2b","title":"Rat Control Antibody IgG2b Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced rat IgG2b antibody with a wildtype Fc domain, PZRA005 is a good control antibody for experiments using rat IgG2b antibody in a mouse model. It binds to mouse but not human FcRn.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740626477233,"sku":"PZRA005","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740626510001,"sku":"PZRA005","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065810800817,"sku":"PZRA005","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740626542769,"sku":"PZRA005","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877341860017,"sku":"PZRA005","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZRA005_Product_Image.png?v=1755477793"},{"product_id":"z-mab-rat-igg2b-with-aglyco-fc","title":"Rat Control Antibody IgG2b Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eA CDR-silenced rat IgG2b antibody with an aglycosylated Fc domain (N297A), PZRA006 exhibits attenuated binding activities to Fcγ receptors. It binds to mouse but not human FcRn.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s):\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/fc-receptor-antibodies\"\u003eFc Receptors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/biotin-z-mab\"\u003eOther Biotin-Z-MAB\u003csup\u003e®\u003c\/sup\u003es\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 10 mg\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAn antibody does not bind to antigen – the best control antibody commercially available.\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the control arm of an antibody study, AB Biosciences has engineered a unique antibody that does not bind to an antigen, yet it retains all other structural elements mediating all effector functions. Such a reagent represents a novel approach to unambiguously demonstrate that a specific biological activity is resulting from its binding to the cognate antigen rather than from its interactions with other proteins such as Fc receptors, complement and other Fc interacting molecules. We call this Z-MAB® for zero-binding monoclonal antibody. As a novel next generation control antibody, Z-MAB® is the only control antibody commercially available carried silenced CDR regions, that is, it is unable to bind to the antigen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat are these control antibodies and for what applications?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZ-MAB® is a genetically engineered antibody variant whose antigen-binding capacity has been eliminated. Z-MAB® is suitable to be used as an unbiased control agent for testing specific activities of an antibody of interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow these control antibodies are engineered?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStarting with an antibody from a well-established antibody drug, we identified the critical amino acid residues in all 6 complementary determining regions (CDRs), engineered selected combinatorial variants and tested for the reduction\/loss of their antigen-binding activities. Final candidate Z-MAB®s exhibit excellent CMC and pharmacokinetic properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat unmet needs these control antibodies meant to serve?\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eChoosing a control antibody is probably the most unscientific component for testing the specific activity of an antibody of interest. Control antibodies commercially available thus far include antibodies with no known antigens, e.g. MOPC21; antibodies raised against antigens of evolutionarily distant species, e.g. anti-KLH; antibodies reactive with a known antigen that is distinct from the antigen of interest. If cross-reactivity or high background is observed, most researchers simply move to the next control antibody available until an “ideal” control antibody is found, that is, until the expected result is observed. Z-MAB® has no active antigen-binding activity, and yet retains the overall antibody structure and conformation. It is therefore a bona fide control agent for testing antibodies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHow can these control antibodies help antibody-based research and drug development?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Z-MAB® product line includes the mostly commonly used isotypes of mouse, human and rat origins. For mouse Z-MAB®s, the IgG2a isotype (PZMU001) was engineered from the OKT3 (a mouse anti-human CD3 antibody) by CDR-silencing. The IgG1 isotype Z-MAB® was generated by joining the variable regions of PZMU001 to the constant regions of a mouse IgG1 antibody. Additional mouse antibody isotypes were generated using the same recombinant method. Human and rat Z-MAB®s were similarly engineered from Avastin (a humanized anti-VEGF antibody) and 53.6.72 (a rat anti-mouse CD8-alpha antibody), respectively. As such, all isotype Z-MAB®s of the same species share the same CDR-silenced variable regions. With the Z-MAB®s control agent, one no longer has to deal with the complications associated with poorly characterized “control” antibodies. In this regard, Z-MAB®s are particularly useful in animal disease models for antibody drug development where the use of unqualified control antibodies frequently leads to unexpected efficacy and for FACS analysis where the background staining frequently makes proper gating a challenge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat control antibodies are available?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer a total of 16 Z-MAB®s of mouse, human and rat origin (please see the listing above). In addition to the isotype matched Z-MAB®s, Z-MAB®s carrying aglycosylated Fc domain are available as excellent control agents for antibodies whose Fc regions are not glycosylated, enzymatically or recombinantly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740636897457,"sku":"PZRA006","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740636930225,"sku":"PZRA006","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":46065810899121,"sku":"PZRA006","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":37740636962993,"sku":"PZRA006","price":2500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":42877342154929,"sku":"PZRA006","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/PZRA006_Product_Image.png?v=1755477844"},{"product_id":"b7-h2-fc-fusion","title":"Human B7-H2 Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eB7-H2, also called ICOS ligand, is a member of the co-stimulatory ligand family. B7-H2 interacts with its receptor, ICOS, on activated cell increases cytokine secretion and helper function to B cells. B7-H2 extracellular IgV domain interacts directly with ICOS, yet IgC domain is required for maintaining its structural integrity. P7096F contains both IgV and IgC domains of B7-H2 and is fused with a mouse IgG2a Fc region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): human ICOS \u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7096F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD275, ICOSLG, B7H2, B7RP-1, B7RP1, GL50, ICOS-L, ICOSL, LICOS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_015259\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eO75144\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.B7-H2 (A18-T256)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e53,602 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e55 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (=1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.019\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB7-H2 bind to ICOS (inducible co-stimulator) which is a member of the B7\/CD28 co-stimulator family that plays essential role in the control of T cell-mediated immune responses. B7-H2, like the B7 proteins, contains a membrane distal IgV and membrane-proximal IgC domains in its extracellular regions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLike B7-1 and B7-2, B7-H2 contains cysteine residues within the intracellular domain suggesting the existence of the disulfide-linked dimers. B7-H2 was shown to be constitutively expressed on the antigen presenting cells and some parenchymal cells and can be up-regulated in the inflammatory sites. Interestingly, while interferon-ϒ induces expression of B7-1, B7-2, and B7-H2 on dendritic cells, TNF and LPS effectively down regulate B7-H2, and up-regulate the B7-1 and B7-2. It appears that ICOS-B7-H2 interaction has the co-stimulatory effects on recently activated Th2, but not Th1 cells. Consistent with this notion, administration of ICOS-Fc fusion protein suppressed Th2-mediated airway hypersensitivity without affecting the Th1-medidatd alterations in airway functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eICOS deficient mice exhibits profound deficiency in antibody isotype-switching and germinal center formation. Isotype switching can be restored in these mice by stimulation through CD40, demonstrating the critical role of ICOS-BH-H2 interaction in the CD40-CD40L pathway.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/amino35.png?1254\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eYang Q, Cao W, Wang Z, Zhang B, Liu J. Regulation of cancer immune escape: The roles of miRNAs in immune checkpoint proteins. Cancer Lett. 2018;431:73-84. Epub 20180522. doi: 10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.05.015. PubMed PMID: 29800685.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eCostimulation of T cells by B7-H2, a B7-like molecule that binds ICOS. Wang S., Zhu G., Chapoval A.I., Dong H., Tamada K., Ni J., Chen L. Blood 96:2808-2813 (2000)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCharacterization of a new human B7-related protein: B7RP-1 is the ligand to the co-stimulatory protein ICOS. Yoshinaga S.K., Zhang M., Pistillo J., Horan T., Khare S.D., Miner K., Sonnenberg M., Boone T., Brankow D., Dai T., Delaney J., Han H., Hui A., Kohno T., Manoukian R., Whoriskey J.S., Coccia M.A. Int. Immunol. 12:1439-1447 (2000) \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCharacterization of human inducible costimulator ligand expression and function. Aicher A., Hayden-Ledbetter M., Brady W.A., Pezzutto A., Richter G., Magaletti D., Buckwalter S., Ledbetter J.A., Clark E.A. J. Immunol. 164:4689-4696 (2000)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCD28-independent induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Chitnis T., Najafian N., Abdallah K.A., Dong V., Yagita H., Sayegh M.H., Khoury S.J. J Clin Invest. 107:575-83 (2001)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740823642289,"sku":"P7096F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740823675057,"sku":"P7096F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740823707825,"sku":"P7096F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066007441585,"sku":"P7096F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066007474353,"sku":"P7096F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7096F_Product_Image_406ab2e5-f8cd-406a-af17-370943190b5f.png?v=1756061713"},{"product_id":"b7-h3-fc-fusion","title":"Human B7-H3 Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eB7-H3 is an orphan ligand in the B7 family. Its extended extracellular IgSF domain is unique within the family and is phylogenically found in primates only. B7-H3 is known as a co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory ligand, even though most studies indicate B7-H3 acts as an inhibitor for T cells functions. Consistent with the inhibitory notion, B7-H3 null mice exhibits an earlier onset of autoimmune disorders. P7105F contains all four extracellular IgV\/C domains of B7-H3 and is fused with a mouse IgG2a Fc region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): not known \u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7105F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD276, 4Ig-B7-H3, B7H3, B7RP-2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_001024736\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ5ZPR3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.B7-H3 (A28-A466)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e74,244 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e77 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (=1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.947\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB7-H3, a B-7-like molecule, was identified by searching database of NCBI with the sequences corresponding to the extracellular domain of all published B7 family members. While B7-h3 share similarities in its structural organization, it differs from other B7-like molecules in a few aspects. Though the “canonical” B7-like B7-H3 contains single IgV-IgC extracelluar region was initially identified, the unprecedented “dual” IgV-IgC-containing B7-H3 protein was subsequently identified. Interestingly, in contrast to the normal conservation of the B7 protein across species, the “dual” type B7-H3 is only found in primates but not in rodents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, to date, no receptor has been identified for B7-H3, even though it was shown that the counter receptor can be up-regulated on T and B cells, and the possibility of being CD28, CTLA-4, ICOS, or PD-1 has been ruled out. Furthermore, allograft can permanently survive in B7-H3-deficient mice with supplement of an immunosuppressant such as rapamycin or cyclosporine. This observation, in contrast to the observation that allograft was acutely rejected in the absence of CD28, underlies the possibility of targeting B7-H3 for transplantation rejection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLastly, B7-H3 was found not only on the APC, but also on the activated T cells, hence it has considered as a distinct functional category like LIGHT, where the inducible molecules are present on both APC and T cells and therefore the co-stimulation can occur in a T cell to T cell fashion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/amino36.png?3442641064337075187\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/amino36.png?3442641064337075187\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Zhou WT, Jin WL. B7-H3\/CD276: An Emerging Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2021;12:701006. Epub 20210719. doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2021.701006. PubMed PMID: 34349762; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8326801.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. B7-H3: a costimulatory molecule for T cell activation and IFN-gamma production. Chapoval A.I., Ni J., Lau J.S., Wilcox R.A., Flies D.B., Liu D., Dong H., Sica G.L., Zhu G., Tamada K., Chen L. Nat. Immunol. 2:269-274 (2001)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. B7-H3: another molecule marker for Mo-DCs? Zhang G.B., Dong Q.M., Xu Y., Yu G.H., Zhang X.G. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2:307-311 (2005)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. B7-H3 promotes acute and chronic allograft rejection. Wang L., Fraser C.C., Kikly K., Wells A.D., Han R., Coyle A.J., Chen L., Hancock W.W. Eur. J. Immunol. 35:428-438 (2005)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-like transcript 2 (TLT-2) is a counter-receptor for B7-H3 and enhances T cell responses. Hashiguchi M., Kobori H., Ritprajak P., Kamimura Y., Kozono H., Azuma M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105:10495-10500 (2008)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740855656625,"sku":"P7105F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740855689393,"sku":"P7105F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740855722161,"sku":"P7105F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066008522929,"sku":"P7105F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066008555697,"sku":"P7105F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7105F_Product_Image_d840d693-bbc0-4143-b584-129efe7ec30c.png?v=1756061965"},{"product_id":"cd28-fc-fusion","title":"Human CD28 Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCD28 protein is a disulfide linked-homodimer containing a single IgV domain is its extracellular portion. CD28 binds to CD80 and CD86 with low affinities and leads to positive signalling. P7090F contains human CD28 ECD fused with a mouse IgG2a Fc domain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): B7-1 (CD80), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/products\/b7-2-fc-fusion\"\u003eB7-2 (CD86) (P7093F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7090F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTp44\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_006139\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP10747\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman CD28 (G18-P152)-mouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e42,319 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.171\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD28 has a single extracellular IgSF V-like domain and expressed as disulfide linked homodimers. CD28 shares with CTLA-4 a hexapeptide MYPPPY motif which maps to the CDR3-like loop region. These residues are important binding of B7.1 and B7.2 since mutations in this loop reduce binding activity of CTLA-4 as well. CD28 is the only B7 receptor constitutively expressed on naive T cells. CD28 is a low affinity binding receptor for both B7.1 and B7.2 as compared with CTLA-4. However both \u0026amp;.1 and B7.2 interact with CD28 with similar equilibrium binding properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurface plasmon resonance experiment showed that both CD28 and CTLA-4 have a very fast off-rate of binding to B7.1 and B7.2. The higher avidity of CTLA-4 binding is primarily due to it very fast on-rate. CD28 contains two intracellular motifs that are important for its signalling. The first is the YMNM motif, starting at Tyr170, which is critical for induction of Bcl-xL, up-regulation of transcription and protein production of IL-2, and NFkB activation. The second is a pair of pro-rich motifs. The N-terminus of these motifs binds to Itk and Tec that is critical for recruiting phosphorylated SH2-containing proteins to CD28. The C-terminus of these motifs is critical for bring Lck and lipid rafts into the immune synapse. Antigen activation of the TCR of a naive T cell without CD28:B7 interaction results in a T cell that is anergic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD28 has also been found to stimulate eosinophil granulocytes where the cytokine storm can be triggered by ligation of the surface CD28 and is likely the culprit of the complications associated with the development of TGN1412, an anti-CD28 drug candidate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P090F_A.jpg?2274707175599181250\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Linsley PS, Ledbetter J, Peach R, Bajorath J. (1995) CD28\/CTLA-4 receptor structure, binding stoichiometry and aggregation during T-cell activation. Res Immunol. 146:130-140.\u003cbr\u003e2. Peach RJ, Bajorath J, Brady W, Leytze G, Greene J, Naemura J, Linsley PS. (1994) Complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1)- and CDR3-analogous regions in CTLA-4 and CD28 determine the binding to B7-1. J Exp Med. 180:2049-2058.\u003cbr\u003e3. Linsley PS, Greene JL, Brady W, Bajorath J, Ledbetter JA, Peach R. (1994) Human B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) bind with similar avidities but distinct kinetics to CD28 and CTLA-4 receptors. Immunity. 1:793-801\u003cbr\u003e4. Suntharalingam G, Perry MR, Ward S, Brett SJ, Castello-Cortes A, Brunner MD, Panoskaltsis N. (2006) Cytokine storm in a phase 1 trial of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412. N Engl J Med 355:1018-1028.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740860276913,"sku":"P7090F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740860309681,"sku":"P7090F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740860342449,"sku":"P7090F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066023170225,"sku":"P7090F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066023202993,"sku":"P7090F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7090FProductImage.png?v=1756062043"},{"product_id":"b7-2-fc-fusion","title":"Human CD86 Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCD86 acts as a T cell co-stimulatory ligand via its interaction with CD28 and acts as a T cell activation inhibitory ligand via its interaction with CTLA-4. CD86 interacts with CTLA-4 with 20-100 folds high affinity than to CD28. P7093F contains both extracellular IgV and IgC domains of human B7-2(CD86) and is fused with a mouse IgG2a Fc domain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/cd28-fc-fusion\"\u003eCD28\u003c\/a\u003e, CTLA-4 (\u003ca href=\"\/products\/ctla-4-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7095F\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/ctla-4\"\u003eP7095G\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7093F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB7.2, B70, Activation B7-2 antigen, \u003cspan\u003eBU63, Fun-1\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_175862\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP42081\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.B7-2 (A24–I246)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e52,580 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e55 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.065\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e and B7-1 are composed of a membrane distal IgV and membrane-proximal IgC domains in their extracellular regions. While B7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e and B7-1 share similar extracellular Ig folds and can bind to both CD28 and CTLA-4, the intracellular domains of these two molecules share no homology indicating each bears distinct signaling mechanism. Both B7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e and B7-1 bind to CD28 at lower affinity than to CTLA-4. For binding to CTLA-4, B7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e has a lower affinity than B7-1. The apparent dimeric structure of B7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e and B7-1 leads to unique B7-receptor alternating zipper-like complexes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e is expressed at high levels on resting monocytes, but not resting T or B lymphocytes. The IgV of B7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e binds to CD28 and CTLA-4 with the same affinity as those of the full length extracellular domain, yet both IgV and IgC domains of B7-1 are required for optimal binding to these receptors. B7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e is up-regulated on activated B- , T-lymphocytes, monocytes and Langerhans cells within 24 hours, followed by the up-regulation of the B7-1 at about day 3. Interactions of B7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e and B7-1 with CD28 provide positive co-stimulatory signals for activated T cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe B7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86) \u003c\/span\u003edeficiency has a more profound immunological impact on function of T cells (such as T-dependent antibody production) than B7-1 deficiency. Some studies suggest that the co-stimulatory activity of B7-2\u003cspan\u003e(CD86)\u003c\/span\u003e is skewed toward Th2, and B7-1, Th1, response.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/Capture1_228fc49e-abbe-4da5-8044-8729585a2e38.png?1311882254274006350\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eCloning of B7-2: a CTLA-4 counter-receptor that costimulates human T cell proliferation. Freeman G.J., Gribben J.G., Boussiotis V.A., Ng J.W., Restivo V.A. Jr., Lombard L.A., Gray G.S., Nadler L.M. Science 262:909-911 (1993) \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCD80 (B7) and CD86 (B70) provide similar costimulatory signals for T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and generation of CTL. Lanier L.L., O'Fallon S., Somoza C., Phillips J.H., Linsley P.S., Okumura K., Ito D., Azuma M.J. Immunol. 154:97-105 (1995)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe B7-2 (B70) costimulatory molecule expressed by monocytes and activated B lymphocytes is the CD86 differentiation antigen. Engel P., Gribben J.G., Freeman G.J., Zhou L.J., Nozawa Y., Abe M., Nadler L.M., Wakasa H., Tedder T.F. Blood 84:1402-1407 (1994)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740864536753,"sku":"P7093F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740864569521,"sku":"P7093F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740864602289,"sku":"P7093F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066029658289,"sku":"P7093F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066029691057,"sku":"P7093F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7093FProductImage.png?v=1756062134"},{"product_id":"ctla-4-fc-fusion","title":"Human CTLA-4 Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCTLA-4, also known as CD152, is structurally related to, and shares ligands (B7-1 and B7-2(CD86)) with CD28. CTLA-4 mediates negative signals that attenuate CD28-mediated positive signals. P7095F contains the IgV domain of human CTLA-4 fused with a mouse IgG2a Fc domain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): B7-1 (CD80), \u003ca href=\"\/products\/b7-2-fc-fusion\"\u003eB7-2 (CD86) (P7093F)\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7095F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD152, CELIAC3, GRD4, GSE, IDDM12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_005214\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP16410\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman CTLA-4 (A37-D161)-mouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40493 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e43 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.077\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJust like CD28, CTLA-4 has a single extracellular IgSF V-like domain and expressed as disulfide linked homodimers. CTLA-4 shares with CD28 a hexapeptide MYPPPY motif which maps to the CDR3-like loop region. These residues are important binding of B7.1 and B7.2 since mutations in this loop reduce binding activity of CTLA-4 as well. In contrast to CD28 which is constitutively expressed on naive T cells, CTLA-4 is induced 24-48 hours after T cell activation via phosphorylation by a number of kinases which prompts the its translocation to the surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCLTA-4 is a higher affinity binding receptor for both B7.1 and B7.2 as compared with CD28. Surface plasmon resonance experiment showed that both CD28 and CTLA-4 have a very fast off-rate of binding to B7.1 and B7.2. The higher avidity of CTLA-4 binding is primarily due to it very fast on-rate. In contrast to the positive signal triggered by CD28:B7 protein interactions, the engagement of CTLA-4 with these ligands provides a negative regulation of the immune response. This is also shown by CTLA-4 deficient mice showed lympho-proliferative disorders that lead to neonatal death underscoring the central role of this receptor in induction of peripheral tolerance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt least part of the CTLA-4’s negative regulatory activity may result from its ability to enhance the generation of Treg cells and\/or modulation of their functions as the CTLA-4 blockade caused the abrogation of Treg functions in vivo. An anti-CTLA-4 antibody, MDX-100 which blocks the interaction of CTLA-4 with B7.1 an dB7.2 and leads to direct activation of effector T cells and\/or depletion of the Treg cells, has been approved for treatment of advanced melanoma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P095F_A.jpg?3955456349652690781\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e1. Hossen MM, Ma Y, Yin Z, Xia Y, Du J, Huang JY, et al. Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1198365. Epub 20230711. doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1198365. PubMed PMID: 37497212; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10367421.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Linsley PS, Greene JL, Brady W, Bajorath J, Ledbetter JA, Peach R. (1994) Human B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) bind with similar avidities but distinct kinetics to CD28 and CTLA-4 receptors. Immunity. 1:793-801.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Wing K, Onishi Y, Prieto-Martin P, Yamaguchi T, Miyara M, Fehervari Z, Nomura T, Sakaguchi S. (2008) CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function. Science. 322:271-275\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Read S, Greenwald R, Izcue A, Robinson N, Mandelbrot D, Francisco L, Sharpe AH, Powrie F. (2006) Blockade of CTLA-4 on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells abrogates their function in vivo. J Immunol. 177:4376-4383.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. Maker AV, Yang JC, Sherry RM, Topalian SL, Kammula US, Royal RE, Hughes M, Yellin MJ, Haworth LR, Levy C, Allen T, Mavroukakis SA, Attia P, Rosenberg SA. (2006) Intrapatient dose escalation of anti-CTLA-4 antibody in patients with metastatic melanoma. J Immunother. 29:455-4563.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740867911857,"sku":"P7095F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740867944625,"sku":"P7095F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740867977393,"sku":"P7095F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066031362225,"sku":"P7095F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066031394993,"sku":"P7095F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7095F_Product_Image_235e5979-c6cb-459d-9795-6863c0cd48e3.png?v=1756062197"},{"product_id":"ctla-4","title":"Human CTLA-4 Mouse IgG2a Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCTLA-4, also known as CD152, is structurally related to, and shares ligands (B7-1 and B7-2(CD86)) with CD28. CTLA-4 mediates negative signals that attenuate CD28-mediated positive signals. P7095G contains the IgV domain of human CTLA-4 fused with an aglycosylated mouse IgG2a Fc domain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): B7-1 (CD80), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/products\/b7-2-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/products\/b7-2-fc-fusion\"\u003eB7-2 (CD86) (P7093F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7095G\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD152, CELIAC3, GRD4, GSE, ICOS, IDDM12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAglycosylated mouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGeneBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_005214.3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP16410\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.CTLA-4 (A37-D161)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40,450 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e43 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.078\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;95 % by SDS-PAGE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCTLA-4 and CD28 are structurally and functionally related, both bind to B7-1 and B7-2(CD86), and their genes are located in proximity suggesting a common evolutionary ancestor. CTLA-4 is particular conserved in evolution as human and mouse proteins share identical intracellular sequences. Like CD28, CTLA-4 also forms natural disulfide-linked dimers in the absence of ligand. Upon interacting with the apparent dimeric ligands, the receptor-ligand complexes exhibit as a unique alternating zipper like chain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCTLA-4 binds to B7-2(CD86) and B7-1 with an affinity of 0.4 uM and 2.2 uM, respectively. CTLA-4 is expressed on the activated, but not resting, T lymphocytes which is peak at 24 hour after antigen presentation and subsided by 72 hours. The expression level of CTLA-4 is about 30-50 times lower than that of CD28, yet CTLA-4 exhibits a high affinity for bindings to their common ligands. The up-regulation of CTLA-4 is primarily post-transcriptional. Unlike CD28, ligation of CTLA-4 delivers inhibitory signals for T cell responses. Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies enhance T cell responses and CTLA-4 deficiency mice develop lymphoproliferative disorders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThrough the associated phosphatase, CTLA-4 was reported to be capable of attenuating the kinase activities transduced by T cell receptors. Genetic variations in CTLA-4 are associated with susceptibility to several autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), celiac disease type 3 (CELIAC3). Engineered fusion proteins consisting of the extracellular domain of CTLA-4 and the IgG Fc region (CTLA-4-Ig), act as decoys for B7 ligands, hence block the CD28-meidated positive co-stimulatory signals and T-cell-dependent antibody responses. CTLA-4-Fc is used as immunosuppressive agents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/amino_859a28f3-679d-4895-b0f1-d91d9dcb6d7d.png?449204459082662125\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/amino_859a28f3-679d-4895-b0f1-d91d9dcb6d7d.png?449204459082662125\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Hossen MM, Ma Y, Yin Z, Xia Y, Du J, Huang JY, et al. Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1198365. Epub 20230711. doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1198365. PubMed PMID: 37497212; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10367421.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. CTLA-4 and CD28 activated lymphocyte molecules are closely related in both mouse and human as to sequence, message expression, gene structure, and chromosomal location. Harper K., Balzano C., Rouvier E., Mattei M.-G., Luciani M.-F., Golstein P. J. Immunol. 147:1037-1044 (1991)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Solution structure of human CTLA-4 and delineation of a CD80\/CD86 binding site conserved in CD28. Metzler W.J., Bajorath J., Fenderson W., Shaw S.Y., Constantine K.L., Naemura J., Leytze G., Peach R.J., Lavoie T.B., Mueller L., Linsley P.S. Nat. Struct. Biol. 4:527-531 (1997)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. Linsley, P.S., W. Brady, M. Urnes, L.S. Grosmaire, N.K. Damle, and J.A. Ledbetter. 1991. CTLA-4 is a second receptor for the B cell activation antigen B7. J. Exp. Med. 174:604-608 (2001)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740872532145,"sku":"P7095G","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740872564913,"sku":"P7095G","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740872597681,"sku":"P7095G","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066031558833,"sku":"P7095G","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066031591601,"sku":"P7095G","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7095G_Product_Image.png?v=1756061636"},{"product_id":"mouse-b7-h2-fc-fusion","title":"Mouse B7-H2 Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eB7-H2, also called ICOS ligand, is a member of the co-stimulatory ligand family. B7-H2 interacts with its receptor, ICOS, on activated cell increases cytokine secretion and helper function to B cells. B7-H2 extracellular IgV domain interacts directly with ICOS, yet IgC domain is required for maintaining its structural integrity. M7096F contains both IgV and IgC domains of mouse B7-H2 and is fused with a mouse IgG2a Fc region.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): mouse ICOS\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM7096F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCD275, AU044799, B7-H2, B7h, B7RP-1, BG071784, GI50, GL50, GL50-B, Icoslg, LICOS, Ly115l, mKIAA0653\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_015790\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ9JHJ8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse ICOSL (E47-N269)-mouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50,940 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e54 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.326\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMouse ICOSL, also known as B7RP-1, was identified from a cDNA library prepared from activated intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) via sequence comparison with B7.1 and B7.2 with 20% and 19% amino acid identity, respectively. While the homology is significant as the identity between B7.1 and B7.2 is only 24%. In addition the relative positions of 4 cysteine residues the overall length and the relative transmembrane domain of B7RP-1 are similar to those of B7 molecules. Expression of murine ICOSL is restricted to B cells and peritoneal macrophages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to B7.2, ICOSL stimulates T cell in vitro with a dose-dependent fashion in the presence of anti-CD3 antibody. ICOSL induces secretion of IFN-γ, but not IL-2 in co-stimulated T cells. In contrast, B7.2 induced both IFN-g and IL-2. In vivo, ICOSL-Fc protein exacerbates contact hypersensitivity, but notably when administered around the time of challenge than at the time of sensitization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis observation is consistent with ICOSL’s role in co-stimulation of T cells but also indicates that the T cells better respond to ICOSL stimulation are those involved in the secondary immune response. Blockade of CD28-B7 or CD40-CD40L pathway inhibits contact hypersensitivity at the sensitization, but not the challenge, phase. Hence, ICOS-ICOSL pathway appears to be functionally distinct from other co-stimulatory pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/M096F_A.jpg?13713661963366408517\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/M096F_A.jpg?13713661963366408517\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Yang Q, Cao W, Wang Z, Zhang B, Liu J. Regulation of cancer immune escape: The roles of miRNAs in immune checkpoint proteins. Cancer Lett. 2018;431:73-84. Epub 20180522. doi: 10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.05.015. PubMed PMID: 29800685.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Freeman GJ, Borriello F, Hodes RJ, Reiser H, Gribben JG, et al. (1993) Murine B7-2, an alternative CTLA4 counter-receptor that costimulates T cell proliferation and interleukin 2 production. J Exp Med. 178:2185-2192\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Tang A, Judge TA, Turka LA. (1997) Blockade of CD40-CD40 ligand pathway induces tolerance in murine contact hypersensitivity. Eur J Immunol. 27:3143-3150.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Yoshinaga SK, Whoriskey JS, Khare SD, Sarmiento U, Guo J, et al. (1999) T-cell co-stimulation through B7RP-1 and ICOS. Nature. 402:827-832\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. Hutloff A, Dittrich AM, Beier KC, Eljaschewitsch B, Kraft R, Anagnostopoulos I, Kroczek RA. (1999) ICOS is an inducible T-cell co-stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28. Nature. 397:263-266.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740879872177,"sku":"M7096F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740879904945,"sku":"M7096F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740879937713,"sku":"M7096F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066007769265,"sku":"M7096F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066007802033,"sku":"M7096F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/M7096F_Product_Image_aeecb0ad-86c4-40d6-a3ee-2966150e4049.png?v=1756061848"},{"product_id":"pd-1-fc-fusion","title":"Human PD-1 Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eThe extracellular domain of PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) contains a single IgV domain. Signaling mediated through (PD-1) can lead to a number of immunological outcomes. These include inhibition of cell death of regulatory T cells, activation of the cell death of the antigen-specific T cells. Combination of these effects can lead to self-tolerance as well as escape of tumors from immune surveillance. The PD-1\/PD-L1 axis has been extensively exploited and has made huge impact on cancer therapy. \u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePD-1 Fc fusion proteins (P099F and P099G) interact with PD-L1 (P101F and P101G) and contain the binding epitope for Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) - Merck’s anti-PD-1 antibody.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePD-L1 (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-l1-fc-fusion\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-l1-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7101F\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-l1-g-fc-fusion-1\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-l1-g-fc-fusion-1\"\u003eP7101G\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e), PD-L2 (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-l2-fc-fusion\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-l2-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7103F\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-l2-g-fc-fusion\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-l2-g-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7103G\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7099F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD279, PDCD1, (programmed cell death 1), hPD-1, hPD-l, PD1, SLEB2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_005018.2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ15116\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.PD-1 (N33-T145)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMol. Wt. (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e39,706 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMol. Wt. (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e42 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.046\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePD-1 was identified in apoptosis induced cells by subtractive hybridization. Like other CD28, CTLA-4 and ICOS, it is a membrane anchored IgSF family member and like CTLA-4, it contains a single IgV excellular domain and an ITIM (immune receptor tyrosine based inhibition motif)-containing intracellular region. PD-1 lacks the MYPPPY motif that is required for binding of B7-1 and B7-2(CD86), instead it binds to two ligands, PDL1 and PDL2. Also, similar to CTLA-4, engagement of PD-1 with its ligand triggers inhibitory signaling, diminish cell proliferation and cytokine production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePD-1 deficiency, similar to CTLA-4 deficiency, results in lymphoproliferative disorders including splenomegaly, B cell expansion, with elevated serum antibody levels, lupus glomerulonephritis, arthritis, and autoimmune cardiomyopathy. Thus, after T cell activation, PD-1 and CTLA-4 are upregulated in order to contain the T cell response. Both molecules appears to be critical for maintenance of tolerance, though PD-1 appears to be more important for the peripheral than central tolerance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the non-professional antigen presenting parenchymal cells (do not express B7-1 and B7-1), the expression of PD-1 ligands and the B7-H2 (ICOS ligand) underlying the counter-balance nature of the PD-1 and ICOS pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/pd-1-fc.png?1328\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003ePauken KE, Torchia JA, Chaudhri A, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ. Emerging concepts in PD-1 checkpoint biology. Semin Immunol. 2021;52:101480. Epub 20210515. doi: 10.1016\/j.smim.2021.101480. PubMed PMID: 34006473; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8545711.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eGhosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer. 2021;12(9):2735-46. Epub 20210305. doi: 10.7150\/jca.57334. PubMed PMID:\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eStructure and chromosomal localization of the human PD-1 gene (PDCD1). Shinohara T., Taniwaki M., Ishida Y., Kawaich M., Honjo T. Genomics 23:704-706 (1994)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eThe role of the PD-1 pathway in autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance. Fife B.T., Pauken K.E. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1217:45-59 (2011)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eRole of the PD-1 pathway in the immune response. Riella L.V., Paterson A.M., Sharpe A.H., Chandraker A. Am. J. Transplant. 12:2575-87 (2012)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740902187185,"sku":"P7099F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740902219953,"sku":"P7099F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740902252721,"sku":"P7099F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066034999473,"sku":"P7099F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066035032241,"sku":"P7099F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7099F_Product_Image.png?v=1756062273"},{"product_id":"pd-1-g-fc-fusion","title":"Human PD-1 Mouse IgG2a Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eThe extracellular domain of PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) contains a single IgV domain. Signaling mediated through (PD-1) can lead to a number of immunological outcomes. These include inhibition of cell death of regulatory T cells, activation of the cell death of the antigen-specific T cells. Combination of these effects can lead to self-tolerance as well as escape of tumors from immune surveillance. The PD-1\/PD-L1 axis has been extensively exploited and has made huge impact on cancer therapy. \u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ePD-1 Fc fusion proteins (P099F and P099G) interact with PD-L1 (P101F and P101G) and contain the binding epitope for Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) - Merck’s anti-PD-1 antibody.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): PD-L1 (\u003ca href=\"\/products\/pd-l1-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7101F\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pd-l1-g-fc-fusion-1\"\u003eP7101G\u003c\/a\u003e), PD-L2 (\u003ca href=\"\/products\/pd-l2-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7103F\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pd-l2-g-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7103G\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7099G\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD279, PDCD1, (programmed cell death 1), hPD-1, hPD-l, PD1, SLEB2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAglycosylated mouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_005018.2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ15116\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruct:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.PD-1 (N33-T145)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e39,663 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e42 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.047\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePD-1 was identified in apoptosis induced cells by subtractive hybridization. Like other CD28, CTLA-4 and ICOS, it is a membrane anchored IgSF family member and like CTLA-4, it contains a single IgV excellular domain and an ITIM (immune receptor tyrosine based inhibition motif)-containing intracellular region. PD-1 lacks the MYPPPY motif that is required for binding of B7-1 and B7-2(CD86), instead it binds to two ligands, PDL1 and PDL2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe major function of PD-1 is to limit T cell activity during an inflammatory response to infection and to limit autoimmunity. In this capacity, PD-1 regulates effector T cell activity and plays a critical role in resistance of tumor cells to immune surveillance. In contrast, CTLA-4 functions as a signal dampener for T cell activation. Engagement of PD-1 with its ligand (PD-L1 and PD-L2) triggers inhibitory signal, diminish cell proliferation and cytokine production. The PD-1\/PDL1\/PDL2 axis is therefore widely demonstrated to contribute to failed antitumor immunity. PD-1 deficiency, similar to CTLA-4 deficiency, results in lymphoproliferative disorders including splenomegaly, B cell expansion, with elevated serum antibody levels, lupus glomerulonephritis, arthritis, and autoimmune cardiomyopathy. Thus, after T cell activation, PD-1 and CTLA-4 are upregulated in order to contain the T cell response. Both molecules appear to be critical for maintenance of tolerance, though PD-1 appears to be more important for the peripheral than central tolerance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the non-professional antigen presenting parenchymal cells (do not express B7-1 and B7-1), the expression of PD-1 ligands and the B7-H2 (ICOS ligand) underlying the counter-balance nature of the PD-1 and ICOS pathways.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/pd-1-a-fc.png?1329\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003ePauken KE, Torchia JA, Chaudhri A, Sharpe AH, Freeman GJ. Emerging concepts in PD-1 checkpoint biology. Semin Immunol. 2021;52:101480. Epub 20210515. doi: 10.1016\/j.smim.2021.101480. PubMed PMID: 34006473; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8545711.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eGhosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer. 2021;12(9):2735-46. Epub 20210305. doi: 10.7150\/jca.57334. PubMed PMID:\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eStructure and chromosomal localization of the human PD-1 gene (PDCD1). Shinohara T., Taniwaki M., Ishida Y., Kawaich M., Honjo T. Genomics 23:704-706 (1994)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eThe role of the PD-1 pathway in autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance. Fife B.T., Pauken K.E. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1217:45-59 (2011)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.2;\"\u003eRole of the PD-1 pathway in the immune response. Riella L.V., Paterson A.M., Sharpe A.H., Chandraker A. Am. J. Transplant. 12:2575-87 (2012)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740911853745,"sku":"P7099G","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740911886513,"sku":"P7099G","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740911919281,"sku":"P7099G","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066035163313,"sku":"P7099G","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066035196081,"sku":"P7099G","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7099G_Product_Image.png?v=1756062330"},{"product_id":"pd-l1-fc-fusion","title":"Human PD-L1 Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003ePD-L1, also known as B7-H1, is a member of the B7 family. PD-L, expressed on the tumor cells and\/or stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, interacts with PD-1, expressed on the surface of effector T cells, and attenuates the activation of the T cells. As such the inflammatory responses toward the tumor cells and infectious agents are compromised. P7101F and P701G contains human PD-L1 ECD fused to the mouse IgG2a and mouse IgG2a aglycoylated Fc domain, respectively. \u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eBoth PD-L1 Fc fusion proteins interact with PD-1 Fc fusion proteins (P7099F and P7099G each fused with wildtype mouse IgG2a Fc and aglycosylated mouse IgG2a Fc, respectively).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePD-1 (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-fc-fusion\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eP7099F\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-g-fc-fusion\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eP7099G\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7101F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTNFSF9, CD137L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_014143\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ9NZQ7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.PD-L1 (A18-R238)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e52,399 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e55 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.125\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePD-L1 also called B7-H1 as it was the first found homolog of B7-1 and B7-2(CD86) identified by searching human cDNA expressed tags and was subsequently found to be the ligand for PD-1. Like other proteins of B7 family, it contains the IgV and IgC domains in its extracellular region. The major function of PD-1 is to limit T cell activity during an inflammatory response to infection and to limit autoimmunity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this capacity, PD-1 regulates effector T cell activity and plays a critical role in resistance of tumor cells to immune surveillance. In contrast, CTLA-4 functions as a signal dampener for T cell activation. Engagement of PD-1 with its ligand (PD-L1 and PD-L2) triggers inhibitory signaling, diminishes cell proliferation and cytokine production. The PD-1\/PDL1\/PDL2 axis is therefore widely demonstrated to contribute to failed antitumor immunity. PD-L1 is expressed in many tumors and tumor cell line, and appears to be associated with poor outcomes in solid malignancy, while PD-1 expression by infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) also confers poor prognosis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, both Pd-1 deficient and wt-Pd-1 mice treated with anti PD-L1 antibody exhibited excellent rejection of PD-L1-expressing tumors. These observations suggestion a PD-1-dependent and a PD-1 independent pathway can be triggered by anti-PD-L1 antibody.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/pd-l1-fc.png?1330\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Yi M, Niu M, Xu L, Luo S, Wu K. Regulation of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14(1):10. Epub 20210107. doi: 10.1186\/s13045-020-01027-5. PubMed PMID: 33413496; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7792099.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Ghosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer. 2021;12(9):2735-46. Epub 20210305. doi: 10.7150\/jca.57334. PubMed PMID:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. B7-H1, a third member of the B7 family, co-stimulates T-cell proliferation and interleukin-10 secretion Haidong Dong, Gefeng Zhu, Koji Tamada \u0026amp; Lieping Chen Nature Medicine 5:1365 - 1369 (1999)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The role of the PD-1 pathway in autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance. Fife B.T., Pauken K.E. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1217:45-59 (2011)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy. Greaves P, Gribben JG. Blood. 121:734-44 (2013)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37740923748529,"sku":"P7101F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37740923781297,"sku":"P7101F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37740923814065,"sku":"P7101F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066035818673,"sku":"P7101F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066035851441,"sku":"P7101F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7101F_Product_Image.png?v=1756062390"},{"product_id":"pd-l1-g-fc-fusion-1","title":"Human PD-L1 Mouse IgG2a Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003ePD-L1, also known as B7-H1, is a member of the B7 family. PD-L, expressed on the tumor cells and\/or stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, interacts with PD-1, expressed on the surface of effector T cells, and attenuates the activation of the T cells. As such the inflammatory responses toward the tumor cells and infectious agents are compromised. P7101F and P701G contains human PD-L1 ECD fused to the mouse IgG2a and mouse IgG2a aglycoylated Fc domain, respectively. \u003cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\" data-mce-style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eBoth PD-L1 Fc fusion proteins interact with PD-1 Fc fusion proteins (P7099F and P7099G each fused with wildtype mouse IgG2a Fc and aglycosylated mouse IgG2a Fc, respectively).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): PD-1 (\u003ca href=\"\/products\/pd-1-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/pd-1-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7099F\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/pd-1-g-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/pd-1-g-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7099G\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7101G\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB7-H, B7H1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1, PDL1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAglycosylated mouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGeneBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_014143\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ9NZQ7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.PD-L1 (A18-R238)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMol. Wt. (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e52,356 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMol. Wt. (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e55 kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.126\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePD-L1 also called B7-H1 as it was the first found homolog of B7-1 and B7-2(CD86) identified by searching human cDNA expressed tags and was subsequently found to be the ligand for PD-1. Like other proteins of B7 family, it contains the IgV and IgC domains in its extracellular region. The major function of PD-1 is to limit T cell activity during an inflammatory response to infection and to limit autoimmunity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this capacity, PD-1 regulates effector T cell activity and plays a critical role in resistance of tumor cells to immune surveillance. In contrast, CTLA-4 functions as a signal dampener for T cell activation. Engagement of PD-1 with its ligand (PD-L1 and PD-L2) triggers inhibitory signaling, diminish cell proliferation and cytokine production. The PD-1\/PDL1\/PDL2 axis is therefore widely demonstrated to contribute to failed antitumor immunity. PD-L1 is expressed in many tumors and tumor cell line, and appears to be associated with poor outcomes in solid malignancy, while PD-1 expression by infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) also confers poor prognosis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, both Pd-1 deficient and wt-Pd-1 mice treated with PD-L1 antibody exhibited excellent rejection of PD-L1-expressing tumors. These observations suggestion a PD-1-dependent and a PD-1 independent pathway can be triggered by anti-PD-L1 antibody.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/pd-l1-a-fc_5ee8c16f-6975-4f42-a726-ed6898c33b8e.png?8638245840344172388\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/pd-l1-a-fc_5ee8c16f-6975-4f42-a726-ed6898c33b8e.png?8638245840344172388\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Yi M, Niu M, Xu L, Luo S, Wu K. Regulation of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol. 2021;14(1):10. Epub 20210107. doi: 10.1186\/s13045-020-01027-5. PubMed PMID: 33413496; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7792099.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Ghosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer. 2021;12(9):2735-46. Epub 20210305. doi: 10.7150\/jca.57334. PubMed PMID:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. B7-H1, a third member of the B7 family, co-stimulates T-cell proliferation and interleukin-10 secretion. Haidong Dong, Gefeng Zhu, Koji Tamada \u0026amp; Lieping Chen. Nature Medicine 5:1365-1369 (1999)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The role of the PD-1 pathway in autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance. Fife B.T., Pauken K.E. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1217:45-59 (2011)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy. Greaves P., Gribben J.G. Blood 121:734-44 (2013) \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37746404655281,"sku":"P7101G","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37746404688049,"sku":"P7101G","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37746404720817,"sku":"P7101G","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066038636721,"sku":"P7101G","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066038669489,"sku":"P7101G","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7101G_Product_Image.png?v=1756062452"},{"product_id":"pd-l2-fc-fusion","title":"Human PD-L2 Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003ePD-L2 is a member of the B7 family. Upregulation of PD-L2 is primarily triggered via Th2 cell lineage toward the inflammatory macrophages. P7103F contains the human PD-L2 ECD fused with a mouse IgG2a Fc domain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePD-1 (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-fc-fusion\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7099F\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-g-fc-fusion\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-g-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7099G\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7103F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB7DC, bA574F11.2, Btdc, PDCD1LG2, PDCD1L2, PD-1 L2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_025239\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ9BQ51\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.PD-L2 (A19-T220)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e49,846 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e52 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.233\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePD-L2 was identified by searching the human EST database with the murine PD-L2 homolog. Human and mouse PD-L2 share 70% amino acid identity, this is similar to those of PD-L1, 69%. Together, there are a total of 5 proteins in B7 family. All share similar structural organization: a signal peptide, an IgV domain, an IgC domain, a transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic tail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the human and mouse PD-L1 proteins an identical cytoplasmic tail, human and mouse PD-L2 proteins have very different cytoplasmic tail. Yet, both genes are located on human 9q24.2 with the same orientation and are only 42 kb apart. An alternatively spliced form of PD-L2 missing the IgV region was identified and shown not bind to PD-1. PD-L2, but not PD-L1, mRNA was found in human pancreas, lung and liver. In contrast, PD-L1, but not PD-L2, is found in human fetal liver.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to singals through CTLA-4, PD-1\/PD-L2 interaction was shown to suppress TCR-mediated cell proliferation and cytokine production via the cross-talk of cytoplasmic ITIM domain of PD-1. Since PD-L1 and PD-L2 are up-regulated in a variety of tumor cell lines, PD-1 is considered a great target research for anti-tumor therapeutics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/pd-l2-fc.png?1332\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/pd-l2-fc.png?1332\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Wang Y, Du J, Gao Z, Sun H, Mei M, Wang Y, Ren Y, Zhou X. Evolving landscape of PD-L2: bring new light to checkpoint immunotherapy. Br J Cancer. 2023 Mar;128(7):1196-1207. doi: 10.1038\/s41416-022-02084-y. Epub 2022 Dec 15. PMID: 36522474; PMCID: PMC10050415.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Ghosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer. 2021;12(9):2735-46. Epub 20210305. doi: 10.7150\/jca.57334. PubMed PMID:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation. Latchman Y., Wood C.R., Chernova T., Chaudhary D., Borde M., Chernova I., Iwai Y., Long A.J., Brown J.A., Nunes R., Greenfield E.A., Bourque K., Boussiotis V.A., Carter L.L., Carreno B.M., Malenkovich N., Nishimura H., Okazaki T., Honjo T., Sharpe A.H., Freeman G.J. Nat. Immunol. 2:261-8 (2001)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The role of novel T cell costimulatory pathways in autoimmunity and transplantation. Yamada A., Salama A.D., Sayegh M.H. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13:559-75 (2002)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy. Greaves P., Gribben J.G. Blood 121:734-44 (2013)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37746423627953,"sku":"P7103F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37746423660721,"sku":"P7103F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37746423693489,"sku":"P7103F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066038833329,"sku":"P7103F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066038866097,"sku":"P7103F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7103F_Product_Image.png?v=1756062516"},{"product_id":"pd-l2-g-fc-fusion","title":"Human PD-L2 Mouse IgG2a Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003ePD-L2 is a member of the B7 family. Upregulation of PD-L2 is primarily triggered via Th2 cell lineage toward the inflammatory macrophages. P7103G contains the human PD-L2 ECD fused with an aglycosylated mouse IgG2a Fc domain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePD-1 (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-fc-fusion\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7099F\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-g-fc-fusion\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/ab-biosciences.myshopify.com\/products\/pd-1-g-fc-fusion\"\u003eP7099G\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/checkpoint-proteins\"\u003eCheckpoint Proteins\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor orders over 1 mg \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003eplease inquire here\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7103G\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB7DC, bA574F11.2, Btdc, PDCD1LG2, PDCD1L2, PD-1 L2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAglycosylated mouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_025239\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ9BQ51\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eh.PD-L2 (A19-T220)-m.IgG-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e49,803 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e52 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.234\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePD-L2 was identified by searching the human EST database with the murine PD-L2 homolog. Human and mouse PD-L2 share 70% amino acid identity, this is similar to those of PD-L1, 69%. Together, there are a total of 5 proteins in B7 family, each with known respective counter receptor(s). All share similar structural organization: a signal peptide, an IgV domain, an IgC domain, a transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic tail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the human and mouse PD-L1 proteins an identical cytoplasmic tail, human and mouse PD-L2 proteins have very different cytoplasmic tail. Yet, both genes are located on human 9q24.2 with the same orientation and are only 42 kb apart. An alternatively spliced form of PD-L2 missing the IgV region was identified and shown not bind to PD-1. PD-L2, but not PD-L1, mRNA was found in human pancreas, lung and liver. In contrast, PD-L1, but not PD-L2 is found in human fetal liver.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar to singals through CTLA-4, PD-1\/PD-L2 interaction was shown to suppress TCR-mediated cell proliferation and cytokine production via the cross-talk of cytoplasmic ITIM domain of PD-1. Since PD-L1 and PD-L2 are up-regulated in a variety of tumor cell lines, PD-1 is considered a great target research for anti-tumor therapeutics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/pd-l2-a-fc.png?1333\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/pd-l2-a-fc.png?1333\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Wang Y, Du J, Gao Z, Sun H, Mei M, Wang Y, Ren Y, Zhou X. Evolving landscape of PD-L2: bring new light to checkpoint immunotherapy. Br J Cancer. 2023 Mar;128(7):1196-1207. doi: 10.1038\/s41416-022-02084-y. Epub 2022 Dec 15. PMID: 36522474; PMCID: PMC10050415.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Ghosh C, Luong G, Sun Y. A snapshot of the PD-1\/PD-L1 pathway. J Cancer. 2021;12(9):2735-46. Epub 20210305. doi: 10.7150\/jca.57334. PubMed PMID:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. PD-L2 is a second ligand for PD-1 and inhibits T cell activation. Latchman Y., Wood C.R., Chernova T., Chaudhary D., Borde M., Chernova I., Iwai Y., Long A.J., Brown J.A., Nunes R., Greenfield E.A., Bourque K., Boussiotis V.A., Carter L.L., Carreno B.M., Malenkovich N., Nishimura H., Okazaki T., Honjo T., Sharpe A.H., Freeman G.J. Nat. Immunol. 2:261-8 (2001)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The role of novel T cell costimulatory pathways in autoimmunity and transplantation. Yamada A., Salama A.D., Sayegh M.H. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13:559-75 (2002)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy. Greaves P., Gribben J.G. Blood 121:734-44 (2013)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37746430869681,"sku":"P7103G","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37746430902449,"sku":"P7103G","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37746430935217,"sku":"P7103G","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066039914673,"sku":"P7103G","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066039947441,"sku":"P7103G","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7103G_Product_Image.png?v=1756062558"},{"product_id":"4-1bbl-fc-fusion","title":"Human 4-1BBL Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe 4-1BBL can induce anti-tumor activities by promoting CD8 T cell expansion and protect against autoimmunity and transplantation rejection by depletion NK and B cells. The 4-1BB\/4-1BBL pathway is a potential therapeutic target for oncology and autoimmune disorders.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): 4-1BB\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7001F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTNFSF9, CD137L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_003811\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP41273\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a Fc-VDP-Human 4-1BBL (A50-E254)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e47846 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMurine 4-1BB ligand was initially cloned by expression cloning form a cDNA library of EL4 thymoma cells using 4-1BB-Fc fusion protein. The 4-1BB Ligand is a member of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF). It carboxyl terminal extracellular domain contains three N-glycosylation sites. In addition, its membrane proximal region is rich in threonine, serine and proline residues which is indicative of O-linked glycosylation site.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, both human and mouse 4-1BB ligand are among the least homologous member of the TNFSF. While earlier studies indicated that 4-1BB ligand might be an exception within the TNFSF and exists as dimeric protein. Subsequent studies shows the soluble trimeric ligand interacts with 4-1BB just like other TNFSF\/TNFRSF pairs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-tumor effect of the 4-1BB\/4-1BBL axis is based on the observation that 4-1BBL stimulates activated T cells, particularly CD8 T cells and induces secretion of high levels of IFN-g even though the potential adverse effects of inducing autoimmune status has to be considered at all time. Interestingly, in vivo administration of agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody leads to depletion of B, NK, and CD4 T cells. Hence, 4-1BBL can promote CD8 T cell expansion as well as protect against autoimmune and transplantation rejection. The 4-1BB\/4-1BBL pathway is an important therapeutic candidate for oncology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"amino\"\u003eIEPRGPTIKP CPPCKCPAPN LLGGPSVFIF PPKIKDVLMI SLSPIVTCVV VDVSEDDPDV QISWFVNNVE\u003cbr\u003eVHTAQTQTHR EDYNSTLRVV SALPIQHQDW MSGKEFKCKV NNKDLPAPIE RTISKPKGSV RAPQVYVLPP\u003cbr\u003ePEEEMTKKQV TLTCMVTDFM PEDIYVEWTN NGKTELNYKN TEPVLDSDGS YFMYSKLRVE KKNWVERNSY\u003cbr\u003eSCSVVHEGLH NHHTTKSFSR TPGVDP\u003cu\u003eACPW AVSGARASPG SAASPRLREG PELSPDDPAG LLDLRQGMFA\u003cbr\u003eQLVAQNVLLI DGPLSWYSDP GLAGVSLTGG LSYKEDTKEL VVAKAGVYYV FFQLELRRVV AGEGSGSVSL\u003cbr\u003eALHLQPLRSA AGAAALALTV DLPPASSEAR NSAFGFQGRL LHLSAGQRLG VHLHTEARAR HAWQLTQGAT\u003cbr\u003eVLGLFRVTPE IPAGLPSPRS E\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Salek-Ardakani S, Zajonc DM, Croft M. Agonism of 4-1BB for immune therapy: a perspective on possibilities and complications. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1228486. Epub 20230817. doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1228486. PubMed PMID: 37662949; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10469789.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Molecular and biological characterization of human 4-1BB and its ligand. Alderson M.R., Smith C.A., Tough T.W., Davis-Smith T., Armitage R.J., Falk B., Roux E., Baker E., Sutherland G.R., Din W.S., Goodwin R.G. Eur. J. Immunol. 24:2219-2227 (1994) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 14:2121-2127 (2004) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The structure of the trimer of human 4-1BB ligand is unique among members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Won E.Y., Cha K., Byun J.S., Kim D.U., Shin S., Ahn B., Kim Y.H., Rice A.J., Walz T., Kwon B.S., Cho H.S. J. Biol. Chem. 285:9202-9210 (2010)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37748485292209,"sku":"P7001F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37748485324977,"sku":"P7001F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37748485357745,"sku":"P7001F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066040045745,"sku":"P7001F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066040078513,"sku":"P7001F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7001F_Product_Image_f8631942-40cf-4f60-8651-5b8e35ce07bc.png?v=1756062770"},{"product_id":"4-1bbl-his-flag-tag","title":"Human 4-1BBL His-Flag","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe 4-1BBL can induce anti-tumor activities by promoting CD8 T cell expansion and protect against autoimmunity and transplantation rejection by depletion NK and B cells. The 4-1BB\/4-1BBL pathway is a potential therapeutic target for oncology and autoimmune disorders.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): 4-1BB\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7001M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTNFSF9, CD137L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_003811\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP41273\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG-h.4-1BBL (A50-E254)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e23,923 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.001\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMurine 4-1BB ligand was initially cloned by expression cloning form a cDNA library of EL4 thymoma cells using 4-1BB-Fc fusion protein. The 4-1BB Ligand is a member of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF). It carboxyl terminal extracellular domain contains three N-glycosylation sites. In addition, its membrane proximal region is rich in threonine, serine and proline residues which is indicative of O-linked glycosylation site.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, both human and mouse 4-1BB ligand are among the least homologous member of the TNFSF family. While earlier studies indicated that 4-1BB ligand might be an exception within the TNFSF and exists as dimeric protein. Subsequent studies shows the soluble trimeric ligand interacts with 4-1BB just like other TNFSF\/TNFRSF pairs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-tumor effect of the 4-1BB\/4-1BBL axis is based on the observation that 4-1BBL stimulates activated T cells, particularly CD8 T cells and induces secretion of high levels of IFN-γ even though the potential adverse effects of inducing autoimmune status has to be considered at all time. Interestingly, in vivo administration of agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody leads to depletion of B, NK, and CD4 T cells. Hence, 4-1BBL can promote CD8 T cell expansion as well as protect against autoimmune and transplantation rejection. The 4-1BB\/4-1BBL pathway is an important therapeutic candidate for oncology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/amino-4-1bbl.png?11439757915073737966\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/amino-4-1bbl.png?11439757915073737966\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Salek-Ardakani S, Zajonc DM, Croft M. Agonism of 4-1BB for immune therapy: a perspective on possibilities and complications. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1228486. Epub 20230817. doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1228486. PubMed PMID: 37662949; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10469789.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Molecular and biological characterization of human 4-1BB and its ligand. Alderson M.R., Smith C.A., Tough T.W., Davis-Smith T., Armitage R.J., Falk B., Roux E., Baker E., Sutherland G.R., Din W.S., Goodwin R.G. Eur. J. Immunol. 24:2219-2227 (1994) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 14:2121-2127 (2004) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The structure of the trimer of human 4-1BB ligand is unique among members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Won E.Y., Cha K., Byun J.S., Kim D.U., Shin S., Ahn B., Kim Y.H., Rice A.J., Walz T., Kwon B.S., Cho H.S. J. Biol. Chem. 285:9202-9210 (2010)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37761524400305,"sku":"P7001M","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37761524433073,"sku":"P7001M","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37761524465841,"sku":"P7001M","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066040832177,"sku":"P7001M","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066040864945,"sku":"P7001M","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7001M_Product_Image.png?v=1756062879"},{"product_id":"4-1bbl-g-fc-fusion","title":"Human 4-1BBL Mouse IgG2a Aglycosylated Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe 4-1BBL can induce anti-tumor activities by promoting CD8 T cell expansion and protect against autoimmunity and transplantation rejection by depletion NK and B cells. The 4-1BB\/4-1BBL pathway is a potential therapeutic target for oncology and autoimmune disorders.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): 4-1BB\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100.088%;\" height=\"394\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003eP7118G\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003eCD137L, TNFSF9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003eAglycosylated mouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003eNM_003811\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003eP41273\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003eAglycosylated mouse IgG2a Fc-GIL-Human 4-1BBL (A50–E254)-AAL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003e48287 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003e52 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003e1.147\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 24.3345%;\"\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 73.0742%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e95 %\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMurine 4-1BB ligand was initially cloned by expression cloning form a cDNA library of EL4 thymoma cells using 4-1BB-Fc fusion protein. The 4-1BB Ligand is a member of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF). It carboxyl terminal extracellular domain contains three N-glycosylation sites. In addition, its membrane proximal region is rich in threonine, serine and proline residues which is indicative of O-linked glycosylation site.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, both human and mouse 4-1BB ligand are among the least homologous member of the TNF superfamily. While earlier studies indicated that 4-1BB ligand might be an exception within the TNFSF and exists as dimeric protein. Subsequent studies shows the soluble trimeric ligand interacts with 4-1BB just like other TNFSF\/TNFRSF pairs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-tumor effect of the 4-1BB\/4-1BBL axis is based on the observation that 4-1BBL stimulates activated T cells, particularly CD8 T cells and induces secretion of high levels of IFN-g even though the potential adverse effects of inducing autoimmune status has to be considered at all time. Interestingly, in vivo administration of agonistic anti-4-1BB antibody leads to depletion of B, NK, and CD4 T cells. Hence, 4-1BBL can promote CD8 T cell expansion as well as protect against autoimmune and transplantation rejection. The 4-1BB\/4-1BBL pathway is an important therapeutic candidate for oncology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P118G_A.jpg?3474952199222812985\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Salek-Ardakani S, Zajonc DM, Croft M. Agonism of 4-1BB for immune therapy: a perspective on possibilities and complications. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1228486. Epub 20230817. doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1228486. PubMed PMID: 37662949; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10469789.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Goodwin RG, Din WS, Davis-Smith T, Anderson DM, Gimpel SD, et al. (1993) Molecular cloning of a ligand for the inducible T cell gene 4-1BB: a member of an emerging family of cytokines with homology to tumor necrosis factor. Eur J Immunol. 23:2631-2641.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Alderson MR, Smith CA, Tough TW, Davis-Smith T, Armitage RJ, et al. (1994) Molecular and biological characterization of human 4-1BB and its ligand. Eur J Immunol. 24:2219-2227.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Sun Y, Chen HM, Subudhi SK, Chen J, Koka R, Chen L, Fu YX. (2002) Costimulatory molecule-targeted antibody therapy of a spontaneous autoimmune disease. Nat Med. 1405-1413.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. Agarwal A, Newell KA. (2008) The role of positive costimulatory molecules in transplantation and tolerance. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 13:366-372\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37761527152817,"sku":"P7118G","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37761527185585,"sku":"P7118G","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37761527218353,"sku":"P7118G","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066040111281,"sku":"P7118G","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066040144049,"sku":"P7118G","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7118G_Product_Image.png?v=1756062814"},{"product_id":"april-fc-fusion","title":"Human APRIL Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eAPRIL interacts with BCMA and TACI. It plays a role in B cell development through its interaction with BCMA. It is also known to express at high levels in transformed cells and some tumors. Biology of APRIL-TACI axis is less known. Interestingly, APRIL is capable of forming heteromers with a closed related TNFSF member, BAFF. The heteromers are known to be associated with inflammatory autoimmune disorders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/bcma-fc-fusion\"\u003eBCMA (P7011F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/taci-fc-fusion\"\u003eTACI (P7012F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7002F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD256, TALL2, TRDL-1 UNQ383\/PRO715,Human\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_003808\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eO75888\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc-Human April (A105-L250)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e43,015 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.067\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e95 %\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAPRIL (proliferation-inducing ligand) is expressed a type II membrane protein member of the TNF superfamily. APRIL is present as the membrane-anchored protein or as a proteolytically processed soluble form. APRIL and BAFF, another TNF \u003cspan\u003esuper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003efamily\u003c\/span\u003e member, share two receptors, BCMA (B cell maturation) and TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBCMA has a higher affinity for APRIL than BAFF, yet TACI binds both APRIL and BAFF equally well. The extracellular domain of APRIL contains a beta jelly roll structure and is responsible for the trimerization of APRIL. Binding of receptor molecules at the clefts between trimeric subunits brings the intracellular domains of the receptor proteins to proximity and triggers the signalling events.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAPRIL is known for two key biological functions: (1) long term survival of plasma cells and (2) tumour growth both in the in vivo and in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P002F_A.jpg?14421101945052039073\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Hahne M, Kataoka T, Schroter M, Hofmann K, Irmler M, Bodmer JL, et al. (1998). APRIL, a New Ligand of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Family, Stimulates Tumor Cell Growth. J Exp Med 188: 1185–1190.\u003cbr\u003e2. Wu Y, Bressette D, Carrell JA, Kaufman T, Feng P, et al. (2000). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member TACI is a high affinity receptor for TNF family members APRIL and BLyS. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 35478–35485.\u003cbr\u003e3. Roschke V, Sosnovtseva S, Ward CD, Hong JS, Smith R, et al. (2002). BLyS and APRIL form biologically active heterotrimers that are expressed in patients with systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases. J. Immunol. 169: 4314–4321\u003cbr\u003e4. Benson MJ, Dillon SR, Castigli E, Geha RS, Xu S, Lam KP, Noelle RJ (2008) The dependence of plasma cells and independence of memory B cells on BAFF and APRIL. J Immunol. 180:3655-3659.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37762816999601,"sku":"P7002F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37762817032369,"sku":"P7002F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37762817065137,"sku":"P7002F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066040963249,"sku":"P7002F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066040996017,"sku":"P7002F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7002F_Product_Image.png?v=1756062937"},{"product_id":"baff-his-flag-tag","title":"Human BAFF His-Flag","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eBAFF (B-cell activating factor) is expressed as a type II membrane protein on various cell types including monocytes, dendritic cells and bone marrow stromal cells and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) \u003cspan\u003esuper\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003efamily\u003c\/span\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/baffr-fc-fusion\"\u003eBAFFR (P7114F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/bcma-fc-fusion\"\u003eBCMA (P7011F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/taci-fc-fusion\"\u003eTACI (P7012F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7003M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD257, TNFSF13B, BLYS, DTL, TALL-1, TALL1, THANK, TNFSF20, ZTNF4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_006573\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ9Y275\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG-Human BAFF (Q136-L285)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e19,355 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.829\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBAFF (B-cell activating factor) is expressed as a type II membrane protein on various cell types including monocytes, dendritic cells and bone marrow stromal cells and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. BAFF interacts with differing binding affinities to three receptors, BAFF-R (BR3), TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), and BCMA (B-cell maturation antigen).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBAFF-R is involved in the survival of B cells during their development. The functional significance of BAFF’s interactions with the other two receptors are less clear. Unique within the TNF superfamily, BAFF is known for capable of forming the virion like 60-mer structures – in addition to forming the traditional homotrimeric structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBAFF is indispensable in normal B cell development as the examination of secondary lymphoid organs from BAFF-deficient mice revealed a complete loss of follicular and marginal zone B lymphocytes. In contrast, excessive level of BAFF causes abnormally high antibody production, results in systemic lupus erythmatosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and many other autoimmune diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P003M_A.jpg?6265629218229416847\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Schweighoffer E, Tybulewicz VL. BAFF signaling in health and disease. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021;71:124-31. Epub 20210802. doi: 10.1016\/j.coi.2021.06.014. PubMed PMID: 34352467.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Schneider P, MacKay F, Steiner V, Hofmann K, Bodmer JL, Holler N, Ambrose C, Lawton P, Bixler S, Acha-Orbea H, Valmori D, Romero P, Werner-Favre C, Zubler RH, Browning JL, Tschopp J. (1999) BAFF, a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor family, stimulates B cell growth. J Exp Med. 189:1747-1756.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Thompson JS, Bixler SA, Qian F, Vora K, Scott ML, Cachero TG, Hession C, Schneider P, Sizing ID, Mullen C, Strauch K, Zafari M, Benjamin CD, Tschopp J, Browning JL, Ambrose C (2001) BAFF-R, a newly identified TNF receptor that specifically interacts with BAFF. Science 293:2108-2111. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Schiemann B, Gommerman JL, Vora K, Cachero TG, Shulga-Morskaya S, Dobles M, Frew E, Scott ML (2001) An essential role for BAFF in the normal development of B cells through a BCMA-independent pathway. Science 293:2111-2114.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37768420556977,"sku":"P7003M","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37768420589745,"sku":"P7003M","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37768420622513,"sku":"P7003M","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066041159857,"sku":"P7003M","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066041192625,"sku":"P7003M","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7003M_Product_Image.png?v=1756063174"},{"product_id":"cd27l-fc-fusion","title":"Human CD27L Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCD27L, also known as CD70, a type II membrane protein, a member of the TNF superfamily and is expressed primarily on activated T-and B-lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/cd27-fc-fusion\"\u003eCD27 (P7082F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog no.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7004F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD70, CD27LG, TNFSF7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_001252\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP32970\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc-Human CD27L (S52-P193)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e42,289 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.242\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD27L, also known as CD70, a type II membrane protein, a member of the TNF superfamily and is expressed primarily on activated T-and B-lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells. The interaction of CD70 with CD27 serves as an antigen-dependent and CD80\/CD86-independent co-stimulatory signal for an adequate expansion, survival and maintenance of cytotoxic T cells (CTL). CD70 expression is physiologically highly restricted to ensure the transient presence of this protein on the surface of antigen-presenting cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is in consistence with the observation of the escape of BCP-ALL (B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) cells, which exhibit low expression levels of CD70, from the immune surveillance. In addition, the identification of the CD27\/CD70 pathway in the course of inflammatory diseases, as in EAE, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease models, suggests that CD70 may be a target for immune intervention.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, the potency of co-stimulation through CD27 suggests that the CD27\/CD70 axis can be exploited for the design of anti-cancer vaccines. Lastly, it should be mentioned that in addition to its role in the generation of CTL, CD70 is suggested to play a role in clonal B cell expansion due its transient presence on germinal center lymphocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P004F_A.jpg?10995826457173929572\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Goodwin R.G., Alderson M.R., Smith C.A., Armitage R.J., Vandenbos Tet al. (1993) Molecular and biological characterization of a ligand for CD27 defines a new family of cytokines with homology to tumor necrosis factor. Cell 73:447-456 \u003cbr\u003e2. Bowman M.R., Crimmins M.A., Yetz-Aldape J., Kriz R., Kelleher K., Herrmann S. (1994) The cloning of CD70 and its identification as the ligand for CD27. J. Immunol. 152:1756-1761\u003cbr\u003e3. Denoeud J, Moser M. (2011) Role of CD27\/CD70 pathway of activation in immunity and tolerance. J Leukoc Biol. 89:195-203\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37768430125233,"sku":"P7004F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37768430158001,"sku":"P7004F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37768430190769,"sku":"P7004F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066047025329,"sku":"P7004F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066047058097,"sku":"P7004F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7004F_Product_Image.png?v=1756063941"},{"product_id":"cd30l-fc-fusion","title":"Human CD30L Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCD30L, a type II membrane protein, is a member of the TNF superfamily. The extracellular domain of CD30L contains two cysteine residues that is unique within the family and may form inter-subunit disulfide linkage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): CD-30\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7025F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD153, TNFSF8, CD30LG, MGC138144\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_001244\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP32971\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc-Human CD30L (Q63-D234)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e46,290 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.18\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD30L, a type II membrane protein, is a member of the TNF superfamily. The extracellular domain of CD30L contains two cysteine residues that is unique within the family and may form inter-subunit disulfide linkage. Even though CD30L contains the TNF-like extracellular domain, it is less clear if the protein is normally a dimer, trimer or a higher order oligomer. In addition, the biological function of the CD30L-CD30 axis in healthy individuals remains poorly understood as no human disease have been linked to defects along this axis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs the CD30L expression is highly restricted to a small number of normal cells, its abundant expression in malignant cells seems to make it a good target for antibody therapy. Recently, CD30L was shown to be critical for the antigen-triggered proliferation and class switching of B lymphocytes. The observations that CD30L has diverse biological activity in different CD30-expressing cancers, ranging from enhancing survival to cell cycle arrest, make the CD30L-CD30 axis a less clear therapeutic target.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, a chimeric anti-CD30 antibody was reported to induce cell cycle arrest in Hodgkin-derived cell lines and is in a phase I study in patients with relapsed Hodgkin disease or CD30+ hematologic malignancies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P025F_A.jpg?5647947710357856906\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Smith CA, Gruss HJ, Davis T, Anderson D, Farrah T, Baker E, Sutherland GR, Brannan CI, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, et al. (1993) CD30 antigen, a marker for Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a receptor whose ligand defines an emerging family of cytokines with homology to TNF. Cell 73:1349-1360.\u003cbr\u003e2. Gruss HJ, Boiani N, Williams DE, Armitage RJ, Smith CA, Goodwin RG. (1994) Pleiotropic effects of the CD30 ligand on CD30-expressing cells and lymphoma cell lines. Blood 83:2045–2056.\u003cbr\u003e3. Wahl AF, Cerveny CH, Klussman K, et al. (2002) SGN-30, a chimeric antibody to CD30, for the treatment of Hodgkin’s disease. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 43:4979a\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37768433205425,"sku":"P7025F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37768433238193,"sku":"P7025F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37768433270961,"sku":"P7025F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066056560817,"sku":"P7025F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066056593585,"sku":"P7025F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7025F_Product_Image.png?v=1756064006"},{"product_id":"cd30l-his-flag-tag","title":"Human CD30L His-Flag","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCD30 is a surface marker for neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma and shows sequence homology to members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): CD-30\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbs 0.1% (1 mg\/ml)​\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7025M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTNFSF8, CD153, CD30LG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_003811\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP32971\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG-h. CD30L (Q63-D234)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22,111 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.048\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD30 is a surface marker for neoplastic cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma and shows sequence homology to members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. CD30L is a 239 amino acid type II membrane protein whose C-terminal domain shows significant homology to TNF alpha, TNF beta, and CD40L. CD30L’s receptor, CD30, is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and B cells. CD30 is associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is expressed in embryonic carcinoma but not in seminoma and is thus a useful marker in distinguishing between these germ cell tumors. CD30 is also expressed on classical Hodgkin Lymphoma cells. In addition, CD30 mediates positive signals for apoptosis, has been shown to limit the proliferative potential of auto-reactive CD8 effector T cells and protect the body against autoimmunity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe recombinant CD30L enhances the proliferation of CD3-activated T cells yet induces differential responses, including cell death, in several CD30+ lymphoma-derived clones.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/cd30l.png?3723238261872548699\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. CD30 antigen, a marker for Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a receptor whose ligand defines an emerging family of cytokines with homology to TNF. Smith C.A., Gruess H.-J., Davis T., Anderson D., Farrah T., Baker E., Sutherland G.R., Brannan C.I., Copeland N.G., Jenkins N.A., Grabstein K.H., Gliniak B., McAlister I.B., Fanslow W., Alderson M., Falk B., Gimpsel S., Gillis S. expand\/collapse author list Armitage R.J. Cell 73:1349-1360 (1993) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Characterisation of the human CD30 ligand gene structure. Croager E.J., Abraham L.J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1353:231-235 (1997)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37768443429041,"sku":"P7025M","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37768443461809,"sku":"P7025M","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37768443494577,"sku":"P7025M","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066057019569,"sku":"P7025M","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066057052337,"sku":"P7025M","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7025M_Product_Image.png?v=1756064061"},{"product_id":"cd40l-fc-fusion","title":"Human CD40L Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eThe CD40L is a type II membrane protein and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of proteins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/cd40-no-tag\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/cd40-no-tag\"\u003eCD40 (P7015Y)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7005F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD154, gp39, T-BAM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_000074\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP29965\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003em.IgG-Fc-h.CD40L (G116-L261)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e42,461 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.083\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe CD40L is a type II membrane protein and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of proteins. CD40L is transiently expressed on the surface of activated T cells and on the surface of activated platelets. A significant fraction of the surface anchored CD40L heteromultimers consisting of one or two proteolytic TNFH fragments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe biological significance of these presumed heterotrimers is unclear. Binding of CD40L to its receptor, CD40, which is expressed on the surface of B cells, provides a critical and unique pathway of cellular activation resulting in antibody isotype switching, regulation of apoptosis, B cell proliferation and differentiation. Naturally occurring mutations of CD40L result in the clinical hyper-IgM syndrome, characterized by an inability to produce immunoglobulins of the IgG, IgA and IgE isotypes. The CD40L deficient mice also exhibit a prolonged clotting time, which is consistent with its integrin-binding capacity and its role in clotting cascade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe extracellular domain of CD40L is made of a ~ 65 aa stalk region and a TNF homologous domain (TNFH). Like other members of the TNF superfamily, CD40L TNFH is responsible for trimerization and for the interaction with its receptor. Soluble trimeric CD40L is produced by proteolytic cleavage of the full-length transmembrane protein and is fully capable of interacting with its receptor, at a 1:3 stoichiometry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/amino-cd40l.png?3963108189429366035\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/amino-cd40l.png?3963108189429366035\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Ots HD, Tracz JA, Vinokuroff KE, Musto AE. CD40-CD40L in Neurological Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(8). Epub 20220408. doi: 10.3390\/ijms23084115. PubMed PMID: 35456932; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9031401.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. 2 Å crystal structure of an extracellular fragment of human CD40 ligand. Karpsusas M., Hsu Y.-M., Wang J.-H., Thompson J., Lederman S., Chess L., Thomas D. Structure 3:1031-1039 (1995) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Heteromultimeric complexes of CD40 ligand are present on the cell surface of human T lymphocytes. Hsu YM, Lucci J, Su L, Ehrenfels B, Garber E, Thomas D. J Biol Chem. 272: 911-915 (1997) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The role of polar interactions in the molecular recognition of CD40L with its receptor CD40. Singh J., Garber E., van Vlijmen H., Karpsusas M., Hsu Y.-M., Zheng Z., Naismith J.H., Thomas D. Protein Sci. 7:1124-1135 (1998)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37780353679537,"sku":"P7005F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37780353712305,"sku":"P7005F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37780353745073,"sku":"P7005F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066078154929,"sku":"P7005F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066078187697,"sku":"P7005F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7005F_Product_Image.png?v=1756064125"},{"product_id":"cd40l-h-igg1-fc-fusion","title":"Human CD40L Human IgG1 Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154), a type II membrane glycoprotein and a member of the TNF superfamily, is known for its transient expression on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes which is responsible for the helper T cells’ function on resting B cells in a non-antigen-dependent as well as non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/cd40-no-tag\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/cd40-no-tag\"\u003eCD40 (P7015Y)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7005H\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD154, gp39, HIGM1, IGM, IMD3, T-BAM, TNFSF5, TRAP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehuman IgG1 Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_000074\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP29965\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman IgG1 Fc-Human CD40L (G116-L261)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e41,482 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.178\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154), a type II membrane glycoprotein and a member of the TNF superfamily, is known for its transient expression on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes which is responsible for the helper T cells’ function on resting B cells in a non-antigen-dependent as well as non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashions. Interaction of CD40L with its receptor CD40 induces proliferation of and isotype switching in B lymphocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe CD40L gene is located in the X-chromosome and its mutations of this gene, though rare, is known to be responsible for the X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome in human. In addition to its expression on activated T cells, CD40 ligand can be efficiently translocated the surface of activated platelets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe co-expression of the CD40L and the FcγRIIA on the surface of the activated platelets has been implicated for the thrombogenic activity of the anti-CD40L antibody in human. CD40L is produced as homotrimeric membrane anchored protein each of the three membrane proximal stalk regions can be sequentially proteolyzed to generate the soluble trimeric protein which retains full binding activity to its receptor, CD40.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P005H_A.jpg?1853472796204650898\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P005H_A.jpg?1853472796204650898\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Ots HD, Tracz JA, Vinokuroff KE, Musto AE. CD40-CD40L in Neurological Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(8). Epub 20220408. doi: 10.3390\/ijms23084115. PubMed PMID: 35456932; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9031401.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Lederman S., Yellin M. J., Inghirami G., Lee J. J., Knowles D. M., Chess L. (1992) Molecular interactions mediating T-B lymphocyte collaboration in human lymphoid follicles. Roles of T cell-B-cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help. J. Immunol. 149, 3817–3826\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Hsu YM, Lucci J, Su L, Ehrenfels B, Garber E, Thomas D. (1997) Heteromultimeric complexes of CD40 ligand are present on the cell surface of human T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 272(2):911-915.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Robles-Carrillo L, Meyer T, Hatfield M, Desai H, Dávila M, et al. (2010) Anti-CD40L immune complexes potently activate platelets in vitro and cause thrombosis in FCGR2A transgenic mice. J Immunol. 185(3):1577-1583\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781113536689,"sku":"P7005H","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781113569457,"sku":"P7005H","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781113602225,"sku":"P7005H","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066475139249,"sku":"P7005H","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066475172017,"sku":"P7005H","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7005H_Product_Image.png?v=1756064176"},{"product_id":"cd40l-his-flag-tag","title":"Human CD40L His-Flag","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154), a type II membrane glycoprotein and a member of the TNF superfamily, is known for its transient expression on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes which is responsible for the helper T cells’ function on resting B cells in a non-antigen-dependent as well as non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/cd40-no-tag\"\u003eCD40 (P7015Y)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Related products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7005M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD154, gp39, HIGM1, IGM, IMD3, T-BAM, TNFSF5, TRAP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-Flag\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_000074\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP29965\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG-Human CD40L (G116-L261)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18,282 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e21 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% .(= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.797\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154), a type II membrane glycoprotein and a member of the TNF superfamily, is known for its transient expression on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes which is responsible for the helper T cells’ function on resting B cells in a non-antigen-dependent as well as non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashions. Interaction of CD40L with its receptor CD40 induces proliferation of and isotype switching in B lymphocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe CD40L gene is located in the X-chromosome. Its mutations of this gene, though rare, is known to be responsible for the X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome in human. In addition to its expression on activated T cells, CD40 ligand can be efficiently translocated the surface of activated platelets. The co-expression of the CD40L and the FcγRIIA on the surface of the activated platelets has been implicated for the thrombogenic activity of the anti-CD40L antibody in human.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD40L is produced as homotrimeric membrane anchored protein each of the three membrane proximal stalk regions can be sequentially proteolyzed to generate the soluble trimeric protein which retains full binding activity to its receptor, CD40.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P005M_A.jpg?1924716219577701831\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Lederman S., Yellin M. J., Inghirami G., Lee J. J., Knowles D. M., Chess L. (1992) Molecular interactions mediating T-B lymphocyte collaboration in human lymphoid follicles. Roles of T cell-B-cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help. J. Immunol. 149, 3817–3826\u003cbr\u003e 2. Hsu YM, Lucci J, Su L, Ehrenfels B, Garber E, Thomas D. (1997) Heteromultimeric complexes of CD40 ligand are present on the cell surface of human T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 272(2):911-915.\u003cbr\u003e 3. Robles-Carrillo L, Meyer T, Hatfield M, Desai H, Dávila M, Langer F, Amaya M, Garber E, Francis JL, Hsu YM, Amirkhosravi A. (2010) Anti-CD40L immune complexes potently activate platelets in vitro and cause thrombosis in FCGR2A transgenic mice. J Immunol. 185(3):1577-1583\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781141192881,"sku":"P7005M","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781141225649,"sku":"P7005M","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781141258417,"sku":"P7005M","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066475303089,"sku":"P7005M","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066475335857,"sku":"P7005M","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7005M_Product_Image.png?v=1756064230"},{"product_id":"cd40l-no-tag","title":"Human CD40L Tag Free","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eCD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154), a type II membrane glycoprotein and a member of the TNF superfamily, is known for its transient expression on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes which is responsible for the helper T cells’ function on resting B cells in a non-antigen-dependent as well as non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/cd40-no-tag\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/cd40-no-tag\"\u003eCD40 (P7015Y)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7005Y\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD154, gp39, HIGM1, IGM, IMD3, T-BAM, TNFSF5, TRAP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone (The affinity tag, Mouse IgG2a Fc, has been removed by TEV protease).\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_000074\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP29965\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc-TEV protease cleavage site-Human CD40L(G116-L261)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e16,165 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.809\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154), a type II membrane glycoprotein and a member of the TNF superfamily, is known for its transient expression on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes which is responsible for the helper T cells’ function on resting B cells in a non-antigen-dependent as well as non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashions. Interaction of CD40L with its receptor CD40 induces proliferation of and isotype switching in B lymphocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe CD40L gene is located in the X-chromosome and its mutations of this gene, though rare, is known to be responsible for the X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome in human. In addition to its expression on activated T cells, CD40 ligand can be efficiently translocated the surface of activated platelets. The co-expression of the CD40L and the FcγRIIa on the surface of the activated platelets has been implicated for the thrombogenic activity of the anti-CD40L antibody in human.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD40L is produced as homotrimeric membrane anchored protein each of the three membrane proximal stalk regions can be sequentially proteolyzed to generate the soluble trimeric protein which retains full binding activity to its receptor, CD40.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P005Xp_A.jpg?13560339743394960749\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P005Xp_A.jpg?13560339743394960749\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Ots HD, Tracz JA, Vinokuroff KE, Musto AE. CD40-CD40L in Neurological Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(8). Epub 20220408. doi: 10.3390\/ijms23084115. PubMed PMID: 35456932; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9031401.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Lederman S., Yellin M. J., Inghirami G., Lee J. J., Knowles D. M., Chess L. (1992) Molecular interactions mediating T-B lymphocyte collaboration in human lymphoid follicles. Roles of T cell-B-cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help. J. Immunol. 149, 3817–3826\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Hsu YM, Lucci J, Su L, Ehrenfels B, Garber E, Thomas D. (1997) Heteromultimeric complexes of CD40 ligand are present on the cell surface of human T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 272(2):911-915.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Robles-Carrillo L, Meyer T, Hatfield M, Desai H, Dávila M, Langer F, Amaya M, Garber E, Francis JL, Hsu YM, Amirkhosravi A. (2010) Anti-CD40L immune complexes potently activate platelets in vitro and cause thrombosis in FCGR2A transgenic mice. J Immunol. 185(3):1577-1583\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781144928433,"sku":"P7005Y","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781144961201,"sku":"P7005Y","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781144993969,"sku":"P7005Y","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066475598001,"sku":"P7005Y","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066475630769,"sku":"P7005Y","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7005Y_Product_Image.png?v=1756064293"},{"product_id":"eda-fc-fusion","title":"Human EDA Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eEctodysplasin-A (EDA) gene spans over 400 kb of genomic sequence on human X-chromosome, contains 12 exons and generates at least 8 transcript variants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/edar-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/edar-fc-fusion\"\u003eEDAR (P7045F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7030F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eED1, ED1-A1, ED1-A2, EDA1, EDA2, HED, XHED, XLHED\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_001399\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQ92838\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc-Human EDA (S160-S391)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50,853 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.963\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEctodysplasin-A (EDA) gene spans over 400 kb of genomic sequence on human X-chromosome, contains 12 exons and generates at least 8 transcript variants. Yet only two isoforms are known to code for functional proteins, the EDA (319 aa) and EDA-A2 (389 aa) which differ only by two amino acids in the TNF homologous domain, yet each binds to EDAR and XEDAR, respectively.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe EDA was identified as the gene mutated in the human X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasias (DED, or EDA MIM305100), the most common form of the EDs. Cloning of the mouse ortholog lead to gene defective in the Tabby mice along with the causative genes of autosomal forms of HED, the EDAR in downless mice and EDARADD, in crinkled mice. Hence mutations along the signal pathway of EDA-EDAR-EDARADD all cause HED. The revelation that EDA pathway is linked to NFκB activation help to understand that mice with mutations in core proteins of the NFκB pathway (such as TRAF6 and NEMO) exhibit not only the inflammation problems but al HED syndromes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImportantly, a series of reagents, such as the EDA Fc fusion protein (like our P030F), and agonist anti-EDAR antibodies, have been shown to permanently rescue the HED phenotype in both mouse and dogs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P030F_A.jpg?10457347337634633659\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P030F_A.jpg?10457347337634633659\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Gao Y, Jiang X, Wei Z, Long H, Lai W. The EDA\/EDAR\/NF-κB pathway in non-syndromic tooth agenesis: A genetic perspective. Front Genet. 2023;14:1168538. Epub 20230403. doi: 10.3389\/fgene.2023.1168538. PubMed PMID: 37077539; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10106650.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Kere J, Srivastava AK, Montonen O, Zonana J, Thomas N, Ferguson B, Munoz F, Morgan D, Clarke A, Baybayan P, Chen EY, Ezer S, Saarialho-Kere U, de la Chapelle A, Schlessinger D. (1996) X-linked anhidrotic (hypohidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia is caused by mutation in a novel transmembrane protein. Nat. Genet., 13:409–416.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Cluzeau C, Hadj-Rabia S, Jambou M, Mansour S, Guigue P, Masmoudi S, Bal E, Chassaing N, Vincent MC, Viot G, Clauss F, Manière MC, Toupenay S, Le Merrer M, Lyonnet S, Cormier-Daire V, Amiel J, Faivre L, de Prost Y, Munnich A, Bonnefont JP, Bodemer C, Smahi A. (2011) Only four genes (EDA1, EDAR, EDARADD, and WNT10A) account for 90% of hypohidrotic\/anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia cases. Hum Mutat. 32:70-72.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Gaide O, Schneider P. (2003) Permanent correction of an inherited ectodermal dysplasia with recombinant EDA. Nat Med. 9:614-618\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781148926129,"sku":"P7030F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781148958897,"sku":"P7030F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781148991665,"sku":"P7030F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46150095634609,"sku":"P7030F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46150095667377,"sku":"P7030F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7030F_Product_Image_a7d999cc-ae2b-4ea6-bc4b-ba5ec43d1c04.png?v=1756065566"},{"product_id":"lt-his-flag-tag","title":"Human LT-α His-Flag","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eLymphotoxin-α(LT-α) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of proteins. It does not contain the transmembrane region and is produced as soluble trimmers. Just like the soluble TNF-α, homotrimeric LT-α3 interacts with both TNFR1 and TNFR2 and exhibits a TNF-like antitumor activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/tnfr1-fc-fusion\"\u003eTNFR1 (P7020F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/tnfr2-fc-fusion\"\u003eTNFR2 (P7022F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/hvem-fc-fusion\"\u003eHVEM (P7076F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 99.941%;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003eP7006M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003eTNFB, TNFSF1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003eHis-FLAG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003eNM_000595\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003eP01374\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003eHis-FLAG-h.LT-α (H58-L205)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eMol. Wt. (Calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003e18,783 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eMol. Wt. (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003e20 kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003e1.22\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 38.8051%;\"\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 60.8971%;\"\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLymphotoxin-α(LT-α) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of proteins. It does not contain the transmembrane region and is produced as soluble trimmers. Just like the soluble TNF-α, homotrimeric LT-α3 interacts with both TNFR1 and TNFR2 and exhibits a TNF-like antitumor activity. Thus, LT-α3 is essentially a TNF-like activity produced by lymphocytes, rather than by macrophages or neutrophils. In addition to the homotrimeric LT-α3, LTα can also complex with LT-β and form membrane anchored heterotrimeric LT-α1β2. In fact, surface expression of LT-α requires it to be complexed with the LT-α.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LT-α1β2 interacts with LTβR and is critical for the development of lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches during embryogenesis and is indispensable for the maintenance of the structure of secondary lymphoid organs, such as spleen and the nasopharyngeal associated lymphoid tissue. In addition to its role in the organogenesis of the secondary lymphoid tissues, the lymphotoxin-LTβR axis also has been implicated for promoting tumor growth. Thus, therapeutics blocking signaling mediated by LTβR is under intensive study for cancer treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/lt-alpha.png?16071278815283994329\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Cloning and expression of cDNA for human lymphotoxin, a lymphokine with tumour necrosis activity. Gray P.W., Aggarwal B.B., Benton C.V., Bringman T.S., Henzel W.J., Jarrett J.A., Leung D.W., Moffat B., Ng P., Svedersky L.P., Palladino M.A., Nedwin G.E. Nature 312:721-724 (1984) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. The structure of human lymphotoxin (tumor necrosis factor-beta) at 1.9-A resolution. Eck M.J., Ultsch M., Rinderknecht E., de Vos A.M., Sprang S.R. J. Biol. Chem. 267:2119-2122 (1992) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Stepwise replication identifies a low-producing lymphotoxin-alpha allele as a major risk factor for early-onset leprosy. Alcaies A., Alter A., Antoni G., Orlova M., Nguyen V.T., Singh M., Vanderborght P.R., Katoch K., Mira M.T., Vu H.T., Ngyuen T.H., Nguyen N.B., Moraes M., Mehra N., Schurr E., Abel L. Nat. Genet. 39:517-522 (2007)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781151711409,"sku":"P7006M","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781151744177,"sku":"P7006M","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781151776945,"sku":"P7006M","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066475860145,"sku":"P7006M","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066475892913,"sku":"P7006M","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7006M_Product_Image.png?v=1756064354"},{"product_id":"tl1a-l-fc-fusion","title":"Human TL1A-L Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eTL1A, a type II membrane protein and a member of the TNF superfamily, is also known as vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI)-251. Although TL1A was identified as a longer variant of TL1\/VEGI, it has been presumed that the original TL1\/VEGI was a cloning artifact.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/dr3-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/dr3-fc-fusion\"\u003eDR3 (P7065F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/dcr3-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/dcr3-fc-fusion\"\u003eDcR3 (P7073F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7042F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTNFSF15, MGC129934, MGC129935, TL1, TL1A, VEGI, VEGI192A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_005118\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eO95150\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMouse IgG2a Fc-Human TL1A (L72-L251)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e47,137 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.153\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTL1A, a type II membrane protein and a member of the TNF superfamily, is also known as vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI)-251. Although TL1A was identified as a longer variant of TL1\/VEGI, it has been presumed that the original TL1\/VEGI was a cloning artifact. TL1A is initially expressed as a membrane-bound protein and is subsequently released as a soluble protein via ectodomain shedding by a metalloproteinase such as TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTL1A is constitutively expressed by endothelial cells, such as the human umbilical vein endothelial cells, synovial fibroblast-like cells, the vascular endothelial cells in the kidney and prostate and can be up-regulated by stimulation with TNF-α, IL-1, and PMA. In addition, TL1A can be transiently induced in macrophage and dendritic cells upon activation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, enteric bacteria, and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) crosslinking. TL1A binds to two receptors, DR3 and DcR3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTL1A-DR3 interaction forms a part of the inflammatory cytokine network and contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and intestinal bowl disease (IBS). The DcR3 functions as a decoy receptor for TL1A as well as FasL and LIGHT.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P042F_A.jpg?15537410516321661362\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P042F_A.jpg?15537410516321661362\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Xu WD, Li R, Huang AF. Role of TL1A in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol. 2022;13:891328. Epub 20220714. doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2022.891328. PubMed PMID: 35911746; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9329929.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Migone TS, Zhang J, Luo X, Zhuang L, Chen C, et al, (2002) TL1A is a TNF-like ligand for DR3 and TR6\/DcR3 and functions as a T cell costimulator. Immunity 16(3):479-492.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Zhang J, Salcedo TW, Wan X, Ullrich S, Hu B, Gregorio T, et al. (2001) Modulation of T-cell responses to alloantigens by TR6\/DcR3. J Clin Invest 107:1459-1468.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Meylan F, Song YJ, Fuss I, Villarreal S, Kahle E, Malm IJ, et al. (2011) The TNF-family cytokine TL1A drives IL-13-dependent small intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol. 4:172-185. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. Bull MJ, Williams AS, Mecklenburgh Z, Calder CJ, Twohig JP, et al. (2008) The Death Receptor 3-TNF-like protein 1A pathway drives adverse bone pathology in inflammatory arthritis. J Exp Med. 205:2457-2464.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781159411889,"sku":"P7042F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781159444657,"sku":"P7042F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781159477425,"sku":"P7042F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066477465777,"sku":"P7042F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066477498545,"sku":"P7042F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7042F_Product_Image.png?v=1756064429"},{"product_id":"tl1a-s-fc-fusion","title":"Human TL1A-S Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eTL1A is a member of the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily also known as VEGI (vascular endothelial growth inhibitor) as it may function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. TL1A is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, but not in B or T cells. The expression of this protein is inducible by TNF and IL-1 alpha.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/dr3-fc-fusion\"\u003eDR3 (P7065F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/dcr3-fc-fusion\"\u003eDcR3 (P7073F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7028F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTNFSF15, VEGI, VEGI192A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_005118\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eO95190\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003em.IgG-Fc-h.TL1A (Q104-L251)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e43,569 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e46 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.213\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTL1A is a member of the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily also known as VEGI (vascular endothelial growth inhibitor) as it may function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. TL1A is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, but not in B or T cells. The expression of this protein is inducible by TNF and IL-1 alpha. TL1A is a ligand for receptor DR3 and decoy receptor DR6. It can activate NFκB and MAP kinases, and acts as an autocrine factor to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn additional isoform encoded by an alternatively spliced transcript variant has been reported. In myeloid cells TL1A activated the transcription factor κB (NF-κB), induced degradation of IκBα, and nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-κB. In addition, TL1A activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase. TL1A inhibited the proliferation of breast carcinoma (MCF-7), epithelial (HeLa), and myeloid (U-937 and ML-1a) tumor cells; and activated caspase-3 leading to PARP cleavage. TL1A -induced cytotoxicity was potentiated by inhibitors of protein synthesis. Interesting, TL1A also induced proliferation of normal human foreskin fibroblast cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/tl1a-amino.png?12604248072190570902\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. VEGI, a novel cytokine of the tumor necrosis factor family, is an angiogenesis inhibitor that suppresses the growth of colon carcinomas in vivo. Zhai Y., Ni J., Jiang G.-W., Lu J., Xing L., Lincoln C., Carter K.C., Janat F., Kozak D., Xu S., Rojas L., Aggarwal B.B., Ruben S., Li L.-Y., Gentz R., Yu G.-L. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. FASEB J. 13:181-189 (1999) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. A novel secreted splice variant of vascular endothelial cell growth inhibitor. Chew L.-J., Pan H., Yu J., Tian S., Huang W.-Q., Zhang J.Y., Pang S., Li L.-Y. FASEB J. 16:742-744 (2002) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. TL1A is a TNF-like ligand for DR3 and TR6\/DcR3 and functions as a T cell costimulator. Migone T.-S., Zhang J., Luo X., Zhuang L., Chen C., Hu B., Hong J.S., Perry J.W., Chen S.-F., Zhou J.X.H., Cho Y.H., Ullrich S., Kanakaraj P., Carrell J., Boyd E., Olsen H.S., Hu G., Pukac L. expand\/collapse author list Wei P. Immunity 16:479-492 (2002) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. X-ray crystal structure of TNF ligand family member TL1A at 2.1A. Jin T., Guo F., Kim S., Howard A., Zhang Y.-Z. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 364:1-6 (2007)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781168685233,"sku":"P7028F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781168750769,"sku":"P7028F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781168816305,"sku":"P7028F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066477629617,"sku":"P7028F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066477662385,"sku":"P7028F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7028F_Product_Image.png?v=1756064495"},{"product_id":"tnf-fc-fusion","title":"Human TNF-α Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eTumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin, and formerly known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/tnfr1-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/tnfr1-fc-fusion\"\u003eTNFR1 (P7020F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/tnfr2-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/tnfr2-fc-fusion\"\u003eTNFR2 (P7022F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7113F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCachectin, TNF-alpha, TNFSF2, TNFA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_000594\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eO1375\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003em.IgG-Fc-h.TNF-α (V77–L233)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e44,017 daltons (monomer)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (reducing SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e47 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.234\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin, and formerly known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction. It is produced primarily by activated M1 subtype macrophages as well as many other cell types as CD4+ lymphocytes, NK cells and neurons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary role of TNF is in the regulation of immune cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α can be produced ectopically in the setting of malignancy and parallels parathyroid hormone both in causing secondary hypercalcemia and in the cancers with which excessive production is associated. The three-dimensional structure of TNF has been determined at 2.6 Å. TNF is a compact trimer composed of three identical subunits of 157 amino acids. This main chain fold corresponds to the 'jelly roll' motif observed in viral coat proteins such as VP1, VP2 and VP3 of rhinovirus, or the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe subunits associate tightly about a threefold axis interacting through a simple edge-to-face packing of the beta-sandwich to form the solid, conical shaped trimer. The detailed three dimensional structure of TNF explains a wide range of observations, including antibody binding and site directed mutagenesis, and show that a region of biological importance situated at the interface between two subunits on the lower half (membrane proximal) of the trimer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/alpha-amino.png?15429623379091139610\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/alpha-amino.png?15429623379091139610\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Huyghe J, Priem D, Bertrand MJM. Cell death checkpoints in the TNF pathway. Trends Immunol. 2023;44(8):628-43. Epub 20230623. doi: 10.1016\/j.it.2023.05.007. PubMed PMID: 37357102.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Plantone D, Pardini M, Righi D, Manco C, Colombo BM, De Stefano N. The Role of TNF-α in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Cells. 2023;13(1). Epub 20231226. doi: 10.3390\/cells13010054. PubMed PMID: 38201258; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10778385.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for human tumor necrosis factor. Wang A.M., Creasey A.A., Ladner M.B., Lin L.S., Strickler J., van Arsdell J.N., Yamamoto R., Mark D.F. Science 228:149-154 (1985) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The structure of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 2.6 Å resolution. Implications for receptor binding. Eck M.J., Sprang S.R. J. Biol. Chem. 264:17595-17605 (1989) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. The structure of tumour necrosis factor -- implications for biological function. Jones E.Y., Stuart D.I., Walker N.P., J. Cell Sci. Suppl. 13:11-18 (1990) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Crystal structure of TNF-alpha mutant R31D with greater affinity for receptor R1 compared with R2. Reed C., Fu Z.Q., Wu J., Xue Y.N., Harrison R.W., Chen M.J., Weber I.T. Protein Eng. 10:1101-1107 (1997)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781177335985,"sku":"P7113F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781177368753,"sku":"P7113F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781177401521,"sku":"P7113F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066477760689,"sku":"P7113F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066477793457,"sku":"P7113F","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7113F_Product_Image.png?v=1756065038"},{"product_id":"tnf-his-flag-myc-tag","title":"Human TNF-α His-Flag-Myc-Tag","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eTumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin, and formerly known as tumor necrosis factor alpha or TNF-α) is the prototype of the TNF superfamily and is involved in systemic inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/tnfr1-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/tnfr1-fc-fusion\"\u003eTNFR1 (P7020F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/tnfr2-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/tnfr2-fc-fusion\"\u003eTNFR2 (P7022F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7113T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDIF, TNFA, TNFSF2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG tag at the N-terminus and Myc tag at the C-terminus\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_000594\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP01375\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG-Human TNFα (V77-L233)-Myc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e21,293 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e24 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.082\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin, and formerly known as tumor necrosis factor alpha or TNF-α) is the prototype of the TNF superfamily and is involved in systemic inflammation. TNF is produced a type II protein membrane protein folded in stable homotrimers which can be proteolyzed by \u003cspan\u003eTNF-α\u003c\/span\u003e converting enzyme (TACE) and released as soluble protein. Interestingly, at a concentration of less than nM, the non-covalent linked soluble trimeric TNF tend to dissociate into monomers which is biologically inactive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTNF can bind two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 is expressed in most tissues, and can be fully activated by both the membrane-bound and soluble trimeric forms of TNF, whereas TNFR2 is found only in cells of the immune system, and respond to the membrane-bound form of the TNF homotrimer. TNF is produced primarily by activated macrophages, although it can be produced by many other cell types such as CD4+ lymphocytes, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and neurons. TNF promotes the inflammatory responses that often lead to autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and asthma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTNF blockers have been developed to treatment these diseases including, Adalimumab (Humira) and infliximab (Remicade) and certolizumab (Cimzia), all are monoclonal antibodies capable of inhibiting TNF binding to its receptor, as well as Etanercept (Enbrel) which is a decoy protein consisting of the TNFR2 extracellular domain fused an Ig Fc region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P113MT_A.jpg?17400012042998307574\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P113MT_A.jpg?17400012042998307574\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Huyghe J, Priem D, Bertrand MJM. Cell death checkpoints in the TNF pathway. Trends Immunol. 2023;44(8):628-43. Epub 20230623. doi: 10.1016\/j.it.2023.05.007. PubMed PMID: 37357102.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Plantone D, Pardini M, Righi D, Manco C, Colombo BM, De Stefano N. The Role of TNF-α in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Cells. 2023;13(1). Epub 20231226. doi: 10.3390\/cells13010054. PubMed PMID: 38201258; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10778385.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Kriegler M, Perez C, DeFay K, Albert I, Lu SD (1988). A novel form of TNF\/cachectin is a cell surface cytotoxic transmembrane protein: ramifications for the complex physiology of TNF. Cell 53: 45–53.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Chen G, Goeddel DV, Goeddel (2002). TNF-R1 signaling: a beautiful pathway. Science 296: 1634–1635\u003cbr\u003e3. Scott LJ. (2014) Etanercept: a review of its use in autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Drugs.74:1379-1410.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. Lapadula G, Marchesoni A, Armuzzi A, Blandizzi C, Caporali R, et al. (2014) Adalimumab in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 27(1 Suppl):33-48\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781183234225,"sku":"P7113T","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781183266993,"sku":"P7113T","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781183299761,"sku":"P7113T","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066498175153,"sku":"P7113T","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066498207921,"sku":"P7113T","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7113T_Product_Image.png?v=1756065155"},{"product_id":"tnf-his-flag-tag","title":"Human TNF-α His-Flag","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eTumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin, and formerly known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/tnfr1-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/tnfr1-fc-fusion\"\u003eTNFR1 (P7020F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/tnfr2-fc-fusion\" data-mce-href=\"\/products\/tnfr2-fc-fusion\"\u003eTNFR2 (P7022F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7113M\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCachexin, TNF-alpha, TNFSF2, TNFA, cachectin, TNF\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_000594\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eO1375\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHis-FLAG-Human TNF-α \u003cspan\u003e(V77–L233)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e19,838 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e21 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.162\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin, and formerly known as tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction. It is produced primarily by activated M1 subtype macrophages as well as many other cell types as CD4+ lymphocytes, NK cells and neurons. The primary role of TNF is in the regulation of immune cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α can be produced ectopically in the setting of malignancy and parallels parathyroid hormone both in causing secondary hypercalcemia and in the cancers with which excessive production is associated.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe three-dimensional structure of TNF has been determined at 2.6 Å. TNF is a compact trimer composed of three identical subunits of 157 amino acids. This main chain fold corresponds to the 'jelly roll' motif observed in viral coat proteins such as VP1, VP2 and VP3 of rhinovirus, or the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza. The subunits associate tightly about a threefold axis interacting through a simple edge-to-face packing of the beta-sandwich to form the solid, conical shaped trimer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe detailed three dimensional structure of TNF explains a wide range of observations, including antibody binding and site directed mutagenesis, and show that a region of biological importance situated at the interface between two subunits on the lower half (membrane proximal) of the trimer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/AminO.png?17461017178495623189\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/AminO.png?17461017178495623189\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Huyghe J, Priem D, Bertrand MJM. Cell death checkpoints in the TNF pathway. Trends Immunol. 2023;44(8):628-43. Epub 20230623. doi: 10.1016\/j.it.2023.05.007. PubMed PMID: 37357102.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Plantone D, Pardini M, Righi D, Manco C, Colombo BM, De Stefano N. The Role of TNF-α in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review. Cells. 2023;13(1). Epub 20231226. doi: 10.3390\/cells13010054. PubMed PMID: 38201258; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10778385.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for human tumor necrosis factor. Wang A.M., Creasey A.A., Ladner M.B., Lin L.S., Strickler J., van Arsdell J.N., Yamamoto R., Mark D.F. Science 228:149-154 (1985) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. The structure of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 2.6-A resolution. Implications for receptor binding. Eck M.J., Sprang S.R. J. Biol. Chem. 264:17595-17605 (1989) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e5. The structure of tumour necrosis factor -- implications for biological function. Jones E.Y., Stuart D.I., Walker N.P., J. Cell Sci. Suppl. 13:11-18 (1990) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e6. Crystal structure of TNF-alpha mutant R31D with greater affinity for receptor R1 compared with R2. Reed C., Fu Z.Q., Wu J., Xue Y.N., Harrison R.W., Chen M.J., Weber I.T. Protein Eng. 10:1101-1107 (1997)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781185855665,"sku":"P7113M","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781185888433,"sku":"P7113M","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781185921201,"sku":"P7113M","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46066497618097,"sku":"P7113M","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46066497650865,"sku":"P7113M","price":10000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7113M_Product_Image.png?v=1756065095"},{"product_id":"trail-fc-fusion","title":"Human TRAIL Mouse IgG2a Wildtype Fc","description":"\u003cp class=\"firstcopy\"\u003eTumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a type II membrane protein, whose C-terminal extracellular domain shows clear homology to other TNF superfamily members. TRAIL transcripts are detected in a variety of human tissues, most predominantly in spleen, lung, and prostate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInteracting protein(s): \u003ca href=\"\/products\/dr4-fc-fusion\"\u003eDR4 (P7049F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/dr5-fc-fusion\"\u003eDR5 (P7053F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/trail-r3-fc-fusion\"\u003eTRAIL R3 (P7057F)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/trail-r4-fc-fusion\"\u003eTRAIL R4 (P7059F)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRelated products: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/hexa-ligand\"\u003eHexa-Ligand\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRead all details below including Quick Specs\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e** \u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e For orders over 1 mg, please inquire \u003ca href=\"mailto:sales@abbiosciences.com\"\u003ehere\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuick Spec\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSpecies:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCatalog No.:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP7008F\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSynonym:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTNFSF10, APO2L\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emouse IgG2a-Fc\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGenBank Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNM_003810\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSwissPro Accession:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eP50591\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConstruction:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003em.IgG-Fc-h.TRAIL (V114-G281)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExpression Host:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e293T\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (calculated):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e46,157 daltons\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMW (SDS-PAGE):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50 Kd\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAbs 0.1% (= 1 mg\/ml):\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.307\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePurity:\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;95 % by SDS-PAGE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDescription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a type II membrane protein, whose C-terminal extracellular domain shows clear homology to other TNF superfamily members. TRAIL transcripts are detected in a variety of human tissues, most predominantly in spleen, lung, and prostate. TRAIL, also known as Apo2L, triggers apoptotic cascade via interacting with its death receptors including DR4 and DR5.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAgonistic monoclonal antibodies can selectively activate TRAIL death receptors and trigger apoptosis. TRAIL clearly distinguishes itself from the other family members including \u003cspan\u003eTNF-α\u003c\/span\u003e and FasL both of which could not make it to the clinic due to their toxic nature. It is therefore, evident that the future of TRAIL-based therapeutic approaches looks brighter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe TRAIL gene is located on chromosome 3 at position 3q26, which is not close to any other known TNF superfamily members. Both full-length cell surface expressed TRAIL and picomolar concentrations of soluble TRAIL rapidly induce apoptosis in a wide variety of transformed cell lines of diverse origin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmino Acid Sequence\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/trail.png?57281859842351344\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReferences\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Identification and characterization of a new member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis. Wiley S.R., Schooley K., Smolak P.J., Din W.S., Huang C.-P., Nicholl J.K., Sutherland G.R., Davis-Smith T., Rauch C., Smith C.A., Goodwin R.G. Immunity 3:673-682 (1995) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e2. Induction of apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine family. Pitti R.M., Marsters S.A., Ruppert S., Donahue C.J., Moore A., Ashkenazi A. J. Biol. Chem. 271:12687-12690 (1996) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e3. Structure of the TRAIL-DR5 complex reveals mechanisms conferring specificity in apoptotic initiation. Mongkolsapaya J., Grimes J.M., Chen N., Xu X.-N., Stuart D.I., Jones E.Y., Screaton G.R. Nat. Struct. Biol. 6:1048-1053 (1999) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e4. 2.8 A resolution crystal structure of human TRAIL, a cytokine with selective antitumor activity. Cha S.-S., Kim M.S., Choi Y.H., Sung B.J., Shin N.K., Shin H.C., Sung Y.C., Oh B.-H. Immunity 11:253-261 (1999)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AB Biosciences","offers":[{"title":"50 µg","offer_id":37781201060017,"sku":"P7008F","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 µg","offer_id":37781201092785,"sku":"P7008F","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":37781201125553,"sku":"P7008F","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2 mg","offer_id":46104243142833,"sku":"P7008F","price":5000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mg","offer_id":46104243175601,"sku":"P7008F","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0612\/1825\/files\/P7008F_Product_Image.png?v=1756065209"}],"url":"https:\/\/abbiosciences.com\/collections\/all-reagents.oembed?page=2","provider":"AB Biosciences","version":"1.0","type":"link"}